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ҪҸֻһۻǺǻǸƶǽǼǳɹʧܡҪ໥֧֡໥һͬʣһ𹲿࣬벻ͬͬ 

ҲܵõҸôñɡ 
Ҫ˵õҸô 

˺ܾãŷֻ֣ҵĲҡڣӰģֻҵĿ֣ʹ֣˵Ұ㣬һֱ˵һֱ˵ô᲻˸ҡҶ˵ֻһô᲻ҡ 

1 ˣˡ 

дʱٻͷǰߵģ治һֿ˵ͨģǺǣôҿôģԲסˣٻͷһ£ҪĿܻУȫдˣٴްɡ 

棬¿ʼˡ 

 

ңȻأǳ¹ʣϲҲ19ѽȻûɱ 

˵ɱҲе㲻ԡӾȴԽɱʲôأ 

ˣˣ˰ٴθһ£ 

۴ˣҵںҪô졭 

һ治ͨıأոôõķ羰ҶסҪҵӾʱ˵ǵһ̧ͷҵѾˮоˡңӾˣҲ𣿣ͷһûºûȳɷԼһ 

 

ްյؿˮ棬ֻһӴˮһ㶣ַɿȥҵ򰶱ߡ 

ȵȡѽҲѾǱǸҵĻ˭ѽãȻعˣֻܰããһƬʲôҲ壿ĪҲоһ˻аڻԣ㲻ˮأǾ˵𣬺öԩ˲ܳҪʱĵطҵһǣҵҵҪˮУҪҪҲҪҲҪ˧ԸеҵڱУҪйãҪŮĻҵ͡ԣйҲУҪǺһҲǸ˵ģǡءҵҵҪƭȥˡ 

Ҫҵҷ·ҵҵ˵ĪĪллңΪǾɣҪҪҪҼ 

ĪĪˣձˮȳǲ˵ֻġǣ 

 

ҼУȴƵģҲ޴ʹҲĵһۣĿʯڣȻˣǿԼ壬һҪҲſдʮʮҡˡ 

ĪνļǱ鲼ȫı޺ѾʲôˡǵѪܵʲôһ߹ţǴûϵʮŤôѿָǲǸ˷ָΪʲôΪʲô˭µĶ֣ɱȫ𣿾Ȼң 

ԣһѧɱȫҸʲôطһһɸʹҲȥԭ˻ģ˲ŸأҺʱ罦ѪûѪŹ֡ʹʹ裬Ϊʲôȴ޲أþȫ촽Ƥѵļθµľţ·ҪԼ֪Ϊʲôȥˡ֪ʲôáҲ޷ȥ찡оĻôһɡ׼׼ʱٴȥ 

۵һ¡Ŵˡûȥʱ赹ֻģŲһ߹ᵽ˷㡣˾ҴĿɼĵطһŮ˵ȵ԰ɣѵɣ 

Ⲣ⡭Ǳģ 

ⲻҵ壬Ҫģ 

Ŭŷ֣ȫй⸱Ҫôء 

Ĭ조ߵķûġǸŮҶСһ䣬̾˿ת߿ˡ 

ȫѰֵһд˼ΣʹҼƤ亹ûˣǺþҲûȹˮǰŲģ壬ҺȻǰȥʹȻٴ֤˵޾ģҾȻûл赹ԹԵҧһߵ׷ڣڣҲҶˡֳθٳһڻ˵ġ˼׷¶ǣȴˡ 

ҿʼ˼һˡʲôطʲôأ 

ҵȻ֪ĪĪǿҾͲȷˡ˵ںҵǸңٿңҵ꿴ЩʱմľͿʼͷһƪһƪ߹²ǡ²ǣˡҲˡӾ־ͦùԾͺһˣΪʲôһɥҲֿడʬôҸϣǸǧϹʯңһ˺ۡӾƨˡôأֲ򶴸Ӳȥѵɽ˵ҿڶʮ꣬˼Ҳһʮ꣡ 

һֻ˺˼룬ͻȻһЦߣհģҲн죬ڿϳԷôºϻɢҩһҾͰӽȦȥҪۿȺϣۿŵܣãң 

ԭ˵ûжָˡ 

һ̧ͷһӵǷΡɡˣûһǧҲĲ࣬˵ˡǧϹˡ 

ǰ㣬㡣һĵҲģУɽ 

ˣʦүҪһŮ˼߹ӱ档ͬʱһۡղͷľϵ̧ͷӭȥͿһĨ¡ǲ棬ȫ񣬲ҲпͷˣǸŮ 

ãҾתһۣЦˡ 


2 ڻ 


ˡ޵òСҪ޽ս!⵽ûʲôµġûʲôϻɢӦòŹ顭Ǿֻι˰ɣ 

⵹Ҳ˵һҺͶϣþȫסң꣬ȻȻҳӣչһκҵʱҡһ䣬ӢӣӴԺ˫˫ɡ 

Ժ˼룬š֨һֿˡ 

С˼㻹𣿡һеʡ 

Ǻѽһ꣬ϧƤء 

͵˺½նϺȥ 

šһȥˡ֪ 

 

ҵôأ 

ǣΪϲ͵ѽ 

Ǹˣ㻹˰ιû 

Ȼѽֻιһѽ 

ǹˡҵ 

ʲô 

ҡ 

 

Ϊʲôû˵Ҳûл۲ˡһķ䣬ɾȴӵǺƺӳء 

С˼ڿ˵ˡ⣬⣬гǣʹ 

üۣǱǣظûôַ飬ôܻſ̫Ҹ 

С˼֪˵˻ѾмҸϹˣǿջû취̫ԶѾĸʱˡģһӦû⡣ڣιЩ뱧ңʼιࡣ 

˼ظҵС˼Բôһֱڰңλر㡭ӽԺǰϣסһһֱ㣬һֱ㡭īĺͫ΢΢һҵĶͷϣü˵С˼Բ𡣡 

С͡һƵšʹһ㶣סˡæɴסͷ 

űƿˣһߴǿӰʹҲһ㶡ǣ 

Ӱӡʹ˵վ࣬˳ȥ 

Сͣ㡭û̫ˣ̫ˣңҾŹǸϻ쵰ҪѪҵĵ 

ҵһǣҿ۾˲ˣ찡Ǹ쵰ʲôСͣܿˣûãȻֿ࡭ʹɣһʹôʹ㣬ô 

ҵȻʹҲû˰ҲѾѽ 

ԭǸӽгǣҴޱ˧磬˧ 

Ӹģ˫ȳģü׿ȻȿǺĥ³ģ촽ֱͦıϸ۾ִôʹı鿴ҡңңһҲֵˡ 

̫һ졭ƿ⡭ 

һҪҾһҵɣڡľͺˣҵ۲ˢľԲˡſڣſڣվһ˧ᣬи߶ȣĿˣĳ˧簡~~~ 

ҵͨͨһ·̰ţȫ᲻ƿۡҿſ죬˵һ仰ǼдԵſˮ꣬ȴȫûзӳ˵ɶٹһ飬ˣ˵ҿһˡ 

ˡļ磬ȥ˷ŵ˲䣬˵壬Ǽ£̫ˡ 

ԭǾ尡ʹ˵ֻƾûϵˡô˵ҽޡ 

ҿӣҼһüͷһֱС¹ײ崺磬С£ҲҪˡ 

ܡδܱȫպԵܴΪˡ 

ʲôҿţһ׬ˡ 

ҵ˿ڿһ¡ҾпˡҼѨһ˯ˡ 

 

ʱǰʱˡۿΧĸˣ󣬾ʶ˵ģȴûġˣһʮһȴϳأ 

!̾ûпǰһˮɡǱȽϹ֮۳࣬òҵľпͷ 

ĪĪںأ 

Ųһ¡ءʹʹҺһ˫ˢˢˣĸΧǰվһˢˢȥ°²ӭʧ 

ҡҵˣɳƵĲ񻰣ƺʲô༫ˡ³ȴûҡȣȡʹظܲ˵ؿﶫ³һƬѪԭǵõĲƬ 

ǰԴһƬҵʹ 

ӣʹ˵ҵĶӡһȻתҲôʹˡҵˡȻѾҵҪһ¡ҿϾ壬ʵ᲻ 

ġĬһᣬ򲻶⣬¿ͬǳĬĿ¡书ʧҲ޷κ书ˡ 

ǳ˵׽ˡƽīţ䡣 

ץˣǺ£ȡȡȡ̫ʹˣǾһֱֵҵĶӣǻζȳˡϵζ뿪ȣҲۡҵתתġҩҩЧˡһ¡ҩ޷·ˡ 

ҴʯпǱиذɡҶܵóԵ㶫ɣҿȻȥ⼸ֻܺʣܳԶ 

Ҿ֪ҲĿһֱһֱŤȥҵθΪ࣬ҲȷʱôʹһԣؿǣеĪίҵ£ΪʲôҪЩࣿҲΪʲôҪھͶ˵ʵ飬ô᲻ʹ˱ˣţţ̲סˣԽԽ࣬ԽԽ졣 

ĸһӻֽţֱӴӵվ嵽ǰץҰ֣˻ƣСͣҪޡʹôת򾺷壺ô죿ҪҪõҩ۵Ҳӱ𣬵ͬľҵίۡҴ 

ĸȻˣҿޣ֪ôźáҲǣ֮ǰһʮּǿɣȻɶҲԸӦòûֵֻޡ 

У壬ûа취ҲòС 

ֻˣ˺ܴľ 

˵˵صĳ 

֪һطʮ桭ǣֻܴһȥұ뿪ܾáԼҪ£Ļû𣿡 

Ϊʲôֻȥأ΢΢һ 

Ϊҵ귢ģȥġٶΥԣʱɢȥȫʱһ־ʱ»ԥҪҪ˵ȥ 

壬²˳٣ǿȥȫˣͷ 

壬֪㲻ǱСˣҲκˣģһ죬žͲ£ｻǣ̡˴ 

ģ̧ȥĿཻҿ 

 

 

˵һ£ֻСС䶯һ£ûдġ 


3 · 


ѾĿʡӲľִʯϡ˵ƭ˵ġѾݵƽȡֹסһڳҡȥǣ˿˺ѷεʹšŲ 

ӱƿˮһְڻҪˮ𣿡һ߰̾һ΢΢ͷôôһֻ̽ҵĶͷһҡͷСеաȺȿˮҹԹԺˮ˵߲У岻ˡԺ·ұߣ֪һ·ɵ֮ϾͲôˡ 

Ҫôҵͷǰȥˮ簮˳ҵͷ 

·ߵüˡҽСĵòסҵͷȻǿʼɽˡЩɽΡۼôҲ˿ԷԽǡ죬Ƿ߰ɽ壬ЩɽһѾȫϵʱ·ˡ ϵҲزȥ 

һһСĵطֱ绨ݣõľС¨˵ǲһͱǰͣסš 

ǽϢһɽ͵ˡ˵߰ҡ 

ܵܿȼڹÿطһЩֲĿ龥Ҷӷʯﵷ÷飬ϸմҰõѪԥҪҪǶĵĶʱѾһȫȥˡ̾һԭֲǸҵġ 

⼸죬һֱ濼һ⣬Ҳ˵ǳһֱҵ⣬رǵҷ֣ԸʹЧķǵʱҵ˼·ӽһڤľءôôŵĵʲôأʵʵǾǣҪҪ˵ҵݣ 

ɴСЧһʲô˵װʧƭȡΡƽ̹ǣмبҵһɽô˵ҲǸδǰ;ʯСұű˵ݹһӣҲԸġǾǵڶ·ˣ˵ʵ飬գƭȡͬ飬Ȼҳʱתܻܲȥһ޻أôƾҵĴǣչֽƴ£ҲһȦɵ£һøһҵգҺˣʱöֻ̿ǰһӣҾιˡʲô£ 

˽ս໥̨յԸӡǱ߾ѾֻϴɾڻϿˡ 

һģ̧ͷĿ⾼壬һ£Ҳƭ㡣ҽͰ͵˵ǸǸȫǵǰˡ޳ܣİ׶԰򴲵¶ǵһģҺҼԼֲԼȫ֪ôźãеʱҾһȫİˣеʱ־öʮ׽ͽǼСһѾߵûǰ;ˮӹ·ȥˡ 

ʧ䣿һ㻹ǵ𣿡 

塱ʵش 

أ 

ǵˣ 

嵽ûо̫ã˵̫գʧҲпܵģصĻӦúܿ 

ҪǣҪ벻ô죿ҧͷ 

ǡ徹ȻЦˣҲͦõģ 

ףװ 

ʢһ֭ߣңҿιҺȡҪǲǵˣʹ¿ʼҲδһ£Ͼô꣬ҲԹٿ࣡ 

⵽һõϢԭȻΪȴҲԹٿɡ 

⿴ǲõˡڿʼһ⣬Ҳҵ⡣Ҫ˵ôо˵ĺأտʼʱһЩҩһڵҳԲ£ôʲôͲԡǹһӺҾͷ֣ 

ȫұˣЩҩʱֶεȫĶӣ̬ȻʹмӣҼΪβֻһӣĿǸԼء 

ǸҲ²죬ΪʲôҪЩҩأҲ𣿡һеġ 

죬֪ˣһ¶ѩ׵ݣһ 

 

4 ܶ 


ܿˡܷ߰ɽ˸Ͳںٶ෭һǵһܶʱǾĺ׼̸Ӳʺµľ֮ 

ܶҿ㣬һŨҵʯҷζ߹ǰ峺ĵȪתһ䣬ҾͿģԾ͵ĵص¯޴ĿӶķֲţ淭ȺɫŨཬһһ˴һɸ֮Ų˵ķʱ鳤ȹǡ 塭ǲ˵İɣûСʡ 

ЩǣѾĥҩˣЩ̰ͼůҲϲˡ˵ʱûлͷһһ簮壬û¾Ͱ˵ض۾ܲѰвõԤС 

Ȼתʱֱ¶Ŀ¶׹ˣһõĴҩ裬ƹСѵǸҵģȻУ˶ҩ豻漴סѨҿԥû˫һƾͰӽ¯ңҲӾֵطǻӾҲûðɡڳ벻ͦġͷƤһҾұ˷͵ϿԭһֻذֱûֱڰߣȻҵͷ档Ʒϵ׮ 

¯¶治ǵģûʮҲʮȣҾҾ﷭ȥ裬һ±ϾͿˣ̫ˣȵȫ˿ڵĴڡҴﵽⶼȵÿΨͷȴһƬһֱķΣǿҩ治򵥰ԭô󲢲ǳԵģǺġǸҪͻȻأұ۾ 

忿һԣֱ̲סʱſµڿңñصĺһǿҵĲˣϾЦҲòɣԤıþõĶһʱ塣ҸҪ棬һΌܵģԲԣ ԣͬ⡣˵ҪҲΥ㲻𣿡ЦûġûзͻȻȥĻЧȽϺá 

ƨ 

֪˶ãҩ轥ˣҵѨƺҲ⿪ˡ˵ȫһģһ˵ѣ壡塭ҵڣ󷽴Ҫݶã 

ʮ죡ǲղô 

ôá 

ţÿʱããһʱڰϡһֻŨѪһԱߣһֻ¹鹹 

Ȱɣ嵥ιңҪҹ¡ 

 

ƭӣҧ˵ÿֻʱΪʲôһѽȻ˰ϣҲܶٲôѽֻ¹Ѫడ̵ÿʱһ룬ҲˣѺȡɬһҩζ壬ûзӦÿκѪͱҩѨԺȫݵþҲҵ˹ɣ˵ɣ˶򰶱͵ģҵͷָߣһ濴յ£ʵҲǺܰȫģҸֵ֧㣬뷭һҲ̫ˡ 

ˣһףⲻǾôԭ˯ʯڣ´ͷһѵѪĵ 

壡ҼƲסȫΪҿֱѪӣԭҺȵĶѪô룬˵ѽ壡ҺҶˣ˺ߵذѣ㲻˯ 

ڣ嶯һ£һ㶣漴Цˣо񰡣Գˡ 

ѾҪˡ壬֣ءѪңҲҪ 

ûˣ̫ˣΪ·˼죬˻޷ҽΣԲðһգڿѾûˣ 

ֻҪѪΪʲô¹ѪҺȣҲҪѪˡ 

ֲУֱ̫ӳҩԲģȳԣٸҵѪûϵˡ 

йϵȻйϵһγĬˣĹ𣿡 

ǵģǵģҵȻ㣬ѵм𣿡 

ûлش𣬾һֱʯϿңĪĹ⡣ 


5 ˼ 


ãã̾һذװϰˮİұڻǸҪҪϴһϴҺƢã컹ȥڲմˮ 

壬ΪʲôôãҰͷĻѹ 

ӣһԭΪҡ 

ֻھڴĴûг֣ҺȻƣ롣ԭͷһֱܵĻ𣬱һˮʲôڻʲôڰԸʲôأΪʧְ簮ΪԼж󣬳ʲôӶû֪ȫûлվӡֻǵΪҶôʹңһҲҺһ㰡أ˶ôУҳΪҵ£ǻҵģУҲһˣֻӦùĵְλ£˵ˣһҲɣäĿʲôأ 

ҳ̾һͨһ£ֲˣҲĻı֣ҺȻûŶҲûʲôر壬Ѿһˣÿ־ĸĸοеһУҶˡһȥҲôֽѣҲÿ˵Ŀ⿴ھεĿӦҡְ˫·ǲнġҲʲôʲôˡһһֵض˵壬ȫûҪھΣΪҸͲֻͣһλ꣬ȻǵûǣҲҲˡ 

ƽȴľȻƽܾãһնӺԶĵط֪ˡ 

ף֪ˣﻹҼҪͷ̧ȴѹȥ 

ҵһμ㣬㿴˾֪㲻ˣΪûǿ̥ǣǣ̫ˣ͵ܼǣ֪˭֪ˣǰ˼԰ɣֵܣ 

˼ôһжƺ˴𰸣ҵǸ꣬ǽ˼ԭֱѽô߻֪ܿҲ٣İǲʲôɸ˵أǸʲôϵҵûʲô⣬ȥĻӦû˵ɡ 

ţٴζҡ¾Ҫ˵ȴͻȻôһţһʱ֮ҲҲҪ滰ˣԼʴ𣬡ԣ 

ô꣬ԿˣҲٷǰĴ˼¾Ϊǵܰɣһλ꣬ǣ㻹˵أ 

Ȼˣ˵ѽ״̬ҴֲֻҪӾ˭ټҡ㲻ǰ𣿡һǳס 

ǣӦùĵģҪĵӦɡ˵¶׽ľɣ 

Ҳǵãʧѽ¶ץ𣿡ҵȻǵѽ 

Ŷô˵ӦˡףԣͻȻң̧ۿ㣬ֻɫ粻Ŀⶨؿңأ˵ڻ𣿡 

ʲôұͻȻŵˣͰ͵ʣʲô 

Ȼضҿ޹Ŭ˫ۣ·ԵԽйԼһʱ䣬ƿۣתͷˣҪôǵ£Ϲ䣡 


6 Ȼ֮ 


Ǿ嵽ڸ˵һ쵽ѾȥһˣĬƬļӰҲû˵ÿ챻ӽÿѪҺȣ˹ΪˡҵѾһֺͮͮɫ˰Ϻ˼۵ĵطűطгĿϲ˳ɼҼ򾺷ʾãңȫ벻ˡ 

 

ҴӳѾ߶ˣȸԾһ£Ĵң岻ڣ·ˣʱбãڿ壬úܡƽʱھǰȥڡֵöߡҵȻδŴɫ壬ֶĵ͸ڵѿҲһʳûУ˵ҵеˡܵҳԵģʲôûУһƱʱûõģڵ̾ 

нŲ꣡ˡվȥӭӣȴ˵İһ˵֣ΪˣôܵĵطôҵģһЦ𣺡й¶½־ô˵ΰˡ 

ҾĴûпԶصĵطзӿһпյȹǣ֮ǰֻ¹ģҲû룬³ȹһ˺ڿԼǱصס 

ףһܿ˾İƱ½֣¿ڲڣ˵ĽŲһһҷֿˡҺûд󰭣ǵĵܲˡ¾ǵİ㡣 

ûˡǳȥˡ½ţʲôˡΪǸ֮أ벻Ҳ֪̾½֣ؽ֮»Ҫƽϣ 

ףСġ½ĻûûˡʱļеؽУ˼˼Ķ 

ߣôƫƫҲҲҲȥ 

ֻŭ˵ǰôˣ 

˭ʱû˰½Ľͻش 

ûˣЦٴ𣬷ҾҪûˡ 

ģǽʱû˰ 

һ˰⣬űĿУҪӵļһ֮ǰңҲż˰ɣתһ룬ҲҶģǹңȫûûûɵģȫ˵ȥҴˡ 

ͻȻһֻסҵͷһᡣأʹæҵ»衣ûȫеסˣÿ֪Ǿˣſſʹ 

ͷϵɿˣڷҽУҿЦЦȻúû 

壬ԺҪҵˡòáǰĲǵѽҿԷû˵š˼ǰ£ҵȻǵˣҲûϵС 

ղк𣿡ʡ 

ûУ֪㲻Զһû¡ 

ԲҡղеˡͷصҵĴѽˮѽʲôģţҪҲǲҪңҲҪôҡãûֻ֣ǿһ£ü㻹ѽһ£Ұϴϴɡſˮͷ 

ҪĻˣǼôɫﾹȻһﻹסɵˡԾĿ־Ѿʲô˵ʲô˵òĵزԭͲ½ԶΪ̫ƽԼǮҸȵĵطһ¡û뵽ǡҴҲŹʣ˫ְֵǰǼɽ˵ⱾһصģҺõĵ±ߡ֪ɽģǵĿ־ּһɡҿ壬Ҳ֪иصû취ֻõǵѨʱٷߡ 

 

ϴ膪ܳȥڵȪкֹϰٱسһͷ·˼屧ȥҲϰˣȴûϸſڰſˮþһ죬ݺݵһۡ 

۰ͩɫȻ⻬ͣеԣ̲ÿһ鼡ⶼǡôԵֲ̫ţǿؼƽ̹ĸ޳ȣԵĻƽֱز࣬ī۽ëȺȵģ¿Ŷ̿㣬ˡѾʼԸеӦһû٣ֻһͷһҪϴһҪϴ 

嵹Ƶö࣬Сĵزҵ壬СĲŪƤҸճ⻹۵úܣȫʹЩ̦ʱµ˰ΪڽѾҪϿȥӰĳɳôϸϸϴͻȻһ£ƽĵط˿Ҵûʱֱȫûչӡˮ䣣׼̹Ȼ֮ 

һգҴڵأĬ졣ָˮеӰʵʲô 

Ѿǳޱݵˣǹﰡȫװ׵ĵ䣬ӷޱȣϸ񣬺촽Сӡ 

ΪˣŤ˵ôãԷҲǱȻģʵ㻹Ưأ岻Ϊ⣬ʼϴͷ 

ðοˣղǵѾӰȥˣôôȫû׼˵ʲô˼ϴô󣬾ԼϴҲȥɡ̫ˣԲ˼ 

ĪĪõģֻ˵ģǾɫأ 

ӣҾܾվӣҲõúܿ죬ٺѪˣֱӳҩҲֱӳʳҸ˵£ұ¹ͿУ½ĺһµı飬̬Ⱥ֣죬һҾ޴룬ȫ޵Ǽ캦µı飬˼ǰҲΪ⼸ǲʶ顣ӵƽ񣬴Ӿ̵ũֻҪ뵽ģҾȥǣÿÿߴԻͼҽʲôͼ۶٣׼۶٣ͷ˰٣˭ұˮͣ׼Ȣϱʼ廹µҲȫʲôҵĶӱ˵ĻĴҰʷֻΪʲô˵꾫ʱ˵۾鰡ģҵĳоԵɱԵʱǺݺݵɻȥġ 


7  


죬ҴӳڴףҪȥ𣿡ʡ 

Ҫȥˣ΢Цش 

ǣҵͷԼֻϺͺ𣿡ԭģ 

죬ⳤϾͲˡǳ̫ˣӦûȥˡ屧أϴһ¡ 

̧˫֣ҡվˮرʪմˮȲˣһ¸ҴҲϵӣֻæһɴסҵͷںͷһӣͷˡ 

Ƚ׶ˣΪ·ˣǴҵķ̳߳ʱԾˣǶЩӣҪдһǣƺѾ˸飬Ǿܾ顣屧Ҵ˷һ·ɱӰеַ߱ڣȵҹʱ֣ҵһջҪ䷿ڿϢˡ 

Ҳǣ䷿ΪʲôҴһ˯Ϊʲô˯һŴůͣҿ˵죬̾һԽԽþ⣬ҵ˵Ů信Уû뵽ᱻһͬεġǸҵӣ˵ǲܵģضˣԼȴǶ鱦صĴλҾǿһͨʹһͨļ뷨 

֮צұ׽סˣ˯ɣ 

 

·࣬ʱƫƫƫƧ˰һӰҲûУģֲҿܣһûһġԭ˵һţ200ǰ̫ʵ۵֧Զװٲ뱻Ϊ˶ţ¾ӪʿҲﵽʳǧĺ棬Ǻþ·̶ӿһȺ֮үǿʼмʿʿ˽¶ڱѣׯھ֣ˣˡһƲɵֱÿһ޲ţֻҺͶϷӥ֮⡭ 

߸߹ϣԲȱȱԲǲǸʱҲڵھ廳￴ְִҫۡĪڴ̰Ʈ죬ˮᡭһ죬ΪҲϿߣֻ¶ɽ䡣Īô£Ѿ˯ˣ˯ţһԿĲ棺Ľëӳڱڲ࣬ţ˯߷ྻƳĺҿǰȥ̲סĴǣ 

ʵҵʱȫû뵽ģҲһ򲻿Ǻġо촽һЦǴݼһֵֻסҵͷȫûеֿصͷӭҵһǣϸҡұǵü͸صشءþúþãɿ֣ҵķڼһ¿תұѹ£¹£ҿžϲĪ 

ɤҡ𮶯𣿡 

 ҺӦţȥ·⿪ʱҵѱȫˡ¹£ǺɫļеֻһƬ 

ٶȵͷҵȫΪ˷ܶ΢΢˫ֽһֻ۰򣬳ȵ˷ܵĸԴվţڵȵµǣûгɵģءصŪĺͷÿεʣͷÿεĥҵĲһһΣңûжã̲סزûϢ侫ˡСǰȥ촽ҧƽ̹ĸµľѾƴҸоЩףѧӣ˽ȥȻǿˣҵû뵽ҵôСֻȥǸոպãݻײͷĻҲ٣ΪĿڽɾȫɲóھ岻ˣ㣬Ҳ˷Īӭҵĸ߶ȣйɵس鶯һϢ˾ǺˣϢûгãסҵͷѹһʺҼÿ 

û°ɣеʣ˳ҵؿڣû¡ҼɫԵؿ 

Ťȥ߷һССڿǣڳ֬ҷֿȾҪȵȡһֱˣŲܾҪҲҪ棡 

ףһ㶣ѲҪ棿 

ԲסˣλΪʲôԶǻصȥСܣʵдҲúأǶԲסλˡֻСܡ 

ǡҵ㣬ǣҲҪСܣҵԭ򣬡ңҪ棡ҼҪѽѵˣ 

¡ðɣ档Ǻ֬ңתſԱߡ 

ףֵˣô׾Э 

òȡȨ沢ûеϲã˽ܴͿ֬ 

ʵϲˣȴҲǼ˶ϲģҵԾʵٵÿǱȽǽԭǸֲܸⲻ˵ġҵĵһͼʽİPUB﷢ġʱЩ΢ͿSunһ׼Ѫ޲ɷһ飬˷ǰϷ׼ʱŷ⣬Ƕǹ˵Sunǹҵʱ̰ɫ¹˼ңȻңԴֻ໥ӵһ£һɢǶ֮󣬵ǳѣҵĿڽǴ󲿷ǸѧġҵҵǴѧʦҵĳɼһܺãԴӼҵ֮Ҽ˲跹˼ĵزҴһʹչ֡һΣҵĽˣҰΪҵĵ˼ΪѧϰĲ־һż˵ҵˣҵĵʦˡڿҵӾǾ壬ȻҴ󣬲ϣͳ㣬һӶճġ˵ò޿ɱģSunҵټȫձǣȫ˧磬Ҳֻܱȵҵľһֺͷ 

ҵ֮ſǰûɵһţ¼￴ˣʵʮּ򵥣Ϊʲôҵȫ亹ʮ㣬⻬β̴խխĺͥһҧǳŽȥġ찡Ҹʲôɵ£ֻƺһƺҪӲͦסˡδ𣬵δѪ˳ҵѪˣɵˣ壬壬ѪˣҪҪңҡæҵز֪ô졣 

ңҰܶһ봥ĿѪѵһҰжңң˳ӦңҺ֣ƢҪߴӦһڼƽЩҲˣҲˣ壬Բ𡣡ؿ޵þ޴롣ˣˣԣˣֻѪʲôϵſȥûµģ˼԰ɣҪҪ˼ҲβƵĽ˽ҲҪű˵ֺҼ壬ȻҵģֻҪҺãֻҺãҪƭһӡҵĪĪԺԽĪĪУҲҪˣԺҲҪ壬۰Ұɣ§סʣµϣٻĪĪЦְڲݵϣҰᡭ 

ָϸͣͿҩʱʮϸģǶʮ壬Ǻ˱ɣһָֻֻŬȫΪ˲ӦеҵúУİÿĿ¾ͻɳҪˡĪĪһСĵģ㲻Ҫ̫šʹͽг 

šѽ̫ǿˡ˺ѵʹڿʱкõĳߴ磬ҵݲµģ֣ôʹȴֹͣ˺ˣȴǰδеĳʵҧسţ죬 壬ҵţЩЩŤ֫һȥ 

ʹ𣿺ʹ𣿡ҳԲûжᣬءʹ壬ҰɣĪĪŤҵǸ࣬ĺӼ٣ĵһγҵڱڣһΣһ֣һֹסÿһγ嶼ڼʹдһ˿У̰ĿУٶȿʼ죬йɵһ£һ£ҵҷһھΪҲôΪңŴڣȵĻõһߵ㣬ûԤϵģݺݲΪ˷ܶУһڣҵŷ类ȥ˹ͷߣſڵϣϢ֣ճҺùһۣ˾ҺûѪļܺáѪѾʹŪѪǿ򾺷ҩʲôȻûҵ˼ 

ҪͿҩ 

С¡С°硣 

һ˯һͰڻ·ϣҶ˵˯ɣұҩӡ 


8  


¾̣һʼͻ񫣬ֹͣԴԲ֮ҹһκ򾺷󻶼ÿزٵճĿҲӦȴӲһ㣬ʮ֡ҸĪҰҲңͬȥУǲǸӦŨУмΪʲôʾأ룬óΨһۣļԵ뷨֡룬ҵأҲǰͣҲӦӦ˼赹ʱȴ̻ǰɡȻѾˣôҲҪеߣպ˵ЩԼĻ˵ûֶһëɣûȳֵĶ뵽ұʮַơ͵͵ĵƵŲҪġһ뵽ҵͷʹô˵أ岢;֪а˼ڵģô֪֮˼ڵ˲࣡¼Ȼôֻ֤꣬žǺģĵԭ򲢲ʵǰ£ֻάֲܽҿһ֮йǧ˿ƣڵ״Ӧԣһĳƽ⣬ùһңûдֵܵ²ɾȥ˵ǵ˵뾡취̽йؼ⵹Խȥ졣ô˵ӲУһʧˣ˵˼ҹȥ˲ҡһͷ 

߹ϡٵĵ뷱мʱҲֻʱ䣬ȥɾͲһˡΪ̰ͼ·ߣȻɽҪһȦܻȥǻҵĶű·;ǲͬˡ 

ҳ磬ʲôʡ̲סҪ³棬Ϊҵ˸ոȬֵȷԤƵô죬Ҳֵҿģͣͣҷҿһֻĺʮֿɰø忴ҡͷɫͨ͸ʲôϺûɫǳǮҡϲҡӣ˳һѡϣҲģһ·ҡߣںתһֽǣͼһȺΧǶɢҺ漷ȥһڵϣʡ¡ģôһΧֱ̫ţһˣоȻûУҩ裬öˡ˼ʵֱҪǡҼһ˫ЬµֵǮ⣬޳ͼ־ܾǱϷƵĴͷȡһƬСҶӣҡСҶӲֵǮȴһܾϸۣرӡǣϲι״ĶָΪˡ 

û˻赹ʱһãڲŷȡҳһϴ軻·Ҿͷˣǵ·ЩǽϢҼӣɡȻҪסϣʱǸˮҸû˵ĵطúϴϴôľҲͬ⡣ 

Һ;嶼Ǳ׼ģ˼ϰѣȱģֺϲ콵ҲˣԸá̫ˣҴŰɴŲУȻѾɴװñˣһ͸ϰӵĹֽñȡ 

µ߳ߵĴͭƶλӣϿֻƵһϴ󣬶סҰ첻ʹỊ̇ҵϸ촽һҧñɴҪϣȴƳͬߺҼⱲֻһΣȻˣͷţǣʹҳʹ⵽׻һڵأΪʲôΪʲôһأ 

帶߹ñӣֽӹȥȥԽԽӣҪСģñɴܻᰲȫһ㡣㲻һڲӦҲûϵ 

һûдĴѹɵɵ˵꣬ĪЩͷǻ̫Ʈ죬ûʵ塣ԼҪ˵Щʲôҵһϰߡͷڹؼʱ̻ͻȻͣڡĹ۲жǣһϵҾͻһ˲һ˲ҾͨĹؽԼҲȫǵãҪº巢ʱȻ򣺻ᷢ£뵽ȵȡ˵һ鷳ʡ 

һˣӰӾǰͣǵ˳ 


9ͣ 
һŬոԼ뵽£һ߱ȥϴ裬ղŵûͷ̬ƺʣǸӰǰͣһǰ˼һ㣬ƺ֪飬Ǽžҳǰҵڼ䣬Ϊʲô¶棿һ¶пܻᱻɱôѾȳˣΪʲôȻ¶أҰ˼⣬ͼıǾ飡 

 

أľͻֻһͷԺǱ߾ĴڣԵҹƵʱŵæαסľ壡Ҿδŵò᣺뺦ҲӾ 

ЦľЦϣ㲻Ӿ 

ֶǻᣬǲᣬҲ 

ְƣֽҵţˣǲҪҵ𣿡Ҳˡ 

ɫдɻ󣬶˵ץҾͿʼ·Щҷֱվǰʪ¶¶ġҵ忴࣬ૣû̥ǰͷϵӣɢͷͷƤҷ͵סˡҼΪİšôվţǰ ˵˳һʯɫ˳ͷȥһ̡ 

 ҽ塭ſ 

׹˶أҲ֪嶯ˣȫеķ֣ȻЦˣˡºͿǰٲˣ 

 ұס뿴־飺Ϊʲô㲻˵ǰ˼ҲҪ͡ҲҪ˼ֻҪĪĪֻҪ㰮ң 

ٺˣǿ·󡭡ڵȥ 

壬֪жమ㣬֪жమҡҲҪȥˣҲ󰡣 

ɵϣ°ͷ㰮ģ˭ֻˣҲ㣬㰮һȵʱͻᷢˡҲڰңǲģȷϹңѡ۷ٴΣĴ𰸶һİɣ 

ǵģǵģҼˣҲңѾˣµһңҲᰮˣֻҪ㰮ҡ 

˵尡˵ŵѾģֻһռ˱ǵĹĻ᲻һ㣿һɣ 

ɵءۡһˡ 

һŵʮûôǱΪһΣұˣ 


10 

ţڵˣ룬һΡڴɽǰľͳǱǰȻлǺӡʱȵ۴ͷʱһǳأ󱻸ġҳܽеģ°¡Ҹջʱ򣬳Ŵ󿪣еӭôһװһֱߡԶԶĿǣƥӭûҷӦѾ˽ǰʱѾҷˡЦڻˡ㿴ѩ¶أ 

ѩƥ֣󽲵ѩʱҡͷβȻá 

ҵ鲻ãҲߵ̫˵۵úܣȥ˯ 

еʧĿ壬΢һҡͷѾ߹ˡʹ Ǹϳص˵֣֪סĸһ𣬾˼䣬˵Ҳ֪϶˵ʧˡǰ²ǵʲôģҴ˸ĹǷ 

ȶҵĲͷӦ¶һЦһ·۳Ͷ٣һʮࡣȵϢΣ 

ҵͷʡˡ 

ټõʱҾͶõĸȫģˡ 

ҲϰƺĴǰһɵˮأðˮӦȪɴᣵʮҹɢǶɢĹ⣬̴ľ񻨴󴲣ĸƿƵĻָûʣҼʶ㣬Ҳզ治ѡ 

ڴϣŸջϵ㣬˯ȥ 

˯˶أҲֻ֪ᵽһ㣬һһӰ ˭Ҿ 

ңҹϵıɴҿˣһӰߵͷӰӣ 

ЩԾѹסеʧΪǾأЩˣò󡭡㣿 

ӰЦˣҶ֪⸱ЦôĶˣͣ˺˵ʧȥˣ𣿲ûϵһġӣҵıѣĴ̣Цһ˯ɣкö໰Ҫ˵ 

Ҳкö໰Ҫ˵ӣϸϸͬϸϸһ澵ӣ ҵ˭ 

ǰͣЦŴ 

˭ʡ 

ǰ˼ 

ǣ˵û̥ǣӦǰ˼ 

ֶԴǴ֮󣬾û˰ҵҲأŤҿһƬʲôҲûС 

ǣ֮ǰҵʱǽҡ˼𣿡Ҽеʡ 

ˣһ͸һõЦ 

Ųˣȷǿó˲˵Ҳû취 

֮ǰǸأʲ֪ж١ 

㰡ҸǺñӣͷ΢΢һأĵֺãȻ۸ֲôֵ£㶼ԭңԣ㶼ǨңҪһУҶȹΣյʱ̣Ҫʱҡ˵ţ˵ţȥˣҼϵͷˣ΢΢ĺҲӿһ˯⣬ҵĻг˯ȥȫӤҰѱȫϣԼ¶ڿУĻӦþ˷ɣĴ˸Ƿĵıۡ 

ʵ֤ģʹʲôҪҲǲʮףȻûиðڶһ磬ӰӲˣµһ죬ʼͷʹ 


11 

ףǸĬԵˣ֮˸˵ҿһ̥ǡȫûѵ£ͱʵ䡣ֻһ۾ҵͷ𾺷Ҳһ׳Ǿ̯̯ŵ⣬ؿǵ̺񰲸СƵҵͷ˯һ°ɣʱ仹硣ȥˡ 

ڶҸմӣҪϴͽˣû밲ֱҵ·Сͣԣһ¡ԶذͷҲ͹ȥָǵ̡ҡͷ֣úõģ̥ôˣҶһĪΣǶ˵һΪʲôҲɢһĸԵᣬѡʣǸ̥ǺҪ𣿡ҡͷҲ˵ϣλ˵̥ܾһڲˣ˵ģ 

ҿʼҽ·ϵӡҷĸ˺ҵĹϵʮ΢ĸͬʱʱֹ־أֻһҶʱͻ޽ɡ 

ɷϣǶҵˣԽֹľԽľҲĿе˰ȵһ¶ǻʬΣҿɲţǶŮҵҵĳˣô˵ˣҲҵӻùһ㡣 

Ҷʲô˰ 

ˣ͹ϵһӡ 

԰һͷĳ˲ǳ𣿡ȥҲġͷҪҪϴԹȥأͷҪ 

ǰǸԵ𣿡 

˭˵ģЦƤúأСʱһֱ㣬Ȼͱ˴ˣ 

ˣҵ𣿡 

˭أԴӰǰ˹㵹ȷԶˡô˵˵ôడҲûϸ󡭡ܻô 

̾˿СͣǴҿŹģȻʧˣҲҪ̫䵭Ϊ㣬һҲΪͷ̣మ˸ҿҲѹ 

ͷΪµ𣿡֪ˡ 

ͷǣ;סɡ㲻֪զһ˯ʱжൣģ 

ǳȥȥĶˣȵȣסңҲһסȥĶˣ 

һסһСͣ书ʧһס˭İȫܱɱĶǾӢеľӢһʲô⣬ϴжΣգҪˡ 

סҵ֣ϴڣȥ 

һ緹ɣȥˣȥüɽȥˡ˵Ӳˣܿ첻ˡ 

˭ 

ĸСûĵģ̶ǵˣΪΪһ 

ֻһĸ 

ϾһӣȻֻĸ 

ѵ֪а˼ڣǸӰӣʲôʱҵģ 

Ǹѽϰ㰲ȫģССʱǰģûʸ˽ġҲ֪ɣǾȹ㼸һҲǿǸܿɿˣûѡ 

ҵͷʹˣ 

緹Եһ룬˵ǮׯִٻƱڵȥʱңС֪ԹĴߣҪȥΣʱȥҵͷӦŷ뿪 

ֵһڣĴй䡣ƺ٣˰ˣ緹û꣬ǵﲻʲô׸ 

ֻ˵ͷߣȴû档ߵһ¥ʱžһ£һ֧֦ӵҵͷвߣּ֦дޣ̽һŰ۵Ů̫ˣ𣿵˽ŭĿϵɣȴ¥ֳһꡣ 

䲻಻ԶӣҵĻڿ˲ɢһֱҵòвľЩ̫꾫ȴȫȻȻɬϸ㡣ˣæһ죬Ҳſ壬ϵɫϸӡȻҲһ޴롣ҵòһ꣬Ⲣûʲôɾ͸Сֻϲøɸɾģеʲô֣ҡҡͷĿȻͷ΢΢¡иǰ񣬴Ļб˵ǰүģ 

ҵͷûˣȥɣҪһ¡ȥ֣ȴ㿪ˡûӣָңҶݺݵؿżԥİ̧һסˡĴɡһҲûʲô˼촽ͷ˳ӵĺܡ 

һֱĸм䣬СһҪǶͷҲԽΪʲôǶϲҵͷںòҵһҰСģȻϷŹ˵ޱȣȫʳ̻Ϣʮϲ书𣿡΢΢ҡͷЩʧϵģһ£ʮּͣ·ܲ㡣ֳεɫ΢΢ҡҡͷҼ˳Ȼ׽Ūġ𣿡ûһЦ쿪ʼ͸ҰɣһҾȥ˵ûӦ֣Ҳ´Īг裿 

ҺٺٻЦһƽĺȫʱ֧һڰߴ˯ɣһúģƵŤţ¶ȻɫѧɫǵȥסĲıסŤһʱڴ󿪡ҿһɺİ̳ªǰأһû׽ŪģһְָİɫʣôŪģ˭۸ģ𣿡һʱ䱻ҵķŵòᣬûлӦ 

ֻһЦСͣǵƤ׽Ūʲôģɲҵ¡ˣ 


12Ŵܣ 

˻¾ͱ˵Ĵûµ츳Ҫ棡ǰȫû磬ŵֻӡ 

šӦҪˣܿģ 

򱦶˵ǰͣǵ£һɣղֻǺ㿪Цûжģɵͷһۣ· 

ӣܲõһǾ˲š 

Ǻģֻк½űٵĿҽҵˣȻὫ⿪ 

£źܶ죬YY˵ôһʱ벻˭ǣﻹŸأȥҲˣ½ڰ˼ϣնסҵ²ǣҪǣ 

Ϊʲôôңڼ֮ǰҪŪһ¡ 

£ʵǵʱµģе࣬ԼڶʮǰǶΪȡϵĻ˺͵ʱ﷢ս˫أ˵ɽլأ󲻵ҶűɾǾǳɽĶӡûܵǣɱ121ֵܣҲǺݽǶ̶ʮ겻һ־Ϳ׼ᣬŴڷʱ°㡭µڻǸšüǹīʱ˳Ǻͺ书⣬ûзָĸ֣ô°˭أСͣ书ܸߣʤıͲ࣬ұпǺ壬ɳ֡ǵȻǿҲȫ϶Ķ֡ôأʿҲû˿ѰֻǺǵʳ¶Ҳ벻ͨΪС㻹Ҫǣǲû̱ʣɣֻʧˣȻͲҲˡ 

̧ۿŵӴҵò£Ҳ֪ôһƬҵģǿʳٲ˵ġеȷѪ꣬˭ܱϣһܰѪɱֵˣʲôǵҲҾͲǾ˹ĸ׻벻Ҫնݳĺ裬ǣھûʲôú޵ģܿܣһڣһˣ 

ҷſ׽ű֣Ըһȥǣòã 

ͷЦѾ˵õô 

µĵζһģ˽Ҽҵĵ⻹Ҫһ㡣 

һη˳ǣƺûʲôˣֻݣҲ˲٣ȫû˵ǹơңкһֱУͣҵһ㣡 

ڸ£ 

еôһң񲻻һһ 

ͫǶҵĻǡȻйǣǻĥѽ 

ͣĵؽ뼤ҷŭ˾ɷļֵľ͸һʹ죡һʱ֪ô죬ЦſƤֵĸš 

ǸϹôΪʲôƤô֣ 

ǺЦԸĻڣҪʻģǼĸ˽Զأ°ǵĺþãССͷҪԵģ 

⵱ȻССͷҷֳ׵൱ֻǸԵֻ׺󣬹ҲһѹͷǿҲֲ֪ͬô죬ǲɱˣֲܷһ£ȥͰ˼ 

һ䷿ҿ˺籣ʮƽûϲŭ֣ˣֻƽӣ֪ԭ书ǿ̫ǰȥվſں˵ 

ϴε£һҪлأ 

ƽҡͷ㲻лң׽㣬Ҳзݣֻǲô 

ǲҿأǲ֮ʲôأѵҸҲɱȫңԲȫǵˣ 

㲻ǵˣʲôˮ㡣 

һ£ץסҵģ 

ҡͷֻǸ塭ΪɣһжҩԣʱѾ׽ˡ 

ôľƣҡͷš 

ΪʲôܺȣǿΪδҪ˻أǺǣЦñȹл Ʋ֪ȵö࣡ 

Ǿδޣһ 

ôȻδ޵ġҹ˵ϱˣȻϱˡ籵ΪʲôΪʲôһ˱ȰһҡһҲȲ𣿡 

׿˵𣿡Ҳ̫šĲҡ 

ô˼׿˵ҿ𣿡ߡ 

ţˣ尮ĲңĻӦǰ˼ 

㻹ҸأгŪң񲻽 

ǸСˣ籵ץŲΪʲô֮ǲǶ˵źġץҪǶŵĴܣ 

ܣһֱû˵ʱЩɻ 

ʲôĴܡ 

ЦˣôֶҪеĻǶŵ˻õŴ𣿡 

籿ңĲǵˣ㵱ʱǻشеģ 

ҡͷǵˣǵʱƭİɡ 

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˼Ӱӣ19 ǰʼ͵ӰӣϱܡӦǴ硣 
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Ĵҳ27 ͵ˣ簮öֶ֡ͬ־ůԵ˾ɨҶˣ˫ 
ףĴҳ29 Ϊ˳ȣǸƵƽﲻ˵ǹؽʱȴǸֵεƺĻûнģһ¡ǣ 
15 Ǹ˵꣬㣬ӺСߡ 
籣24 ŮǾİʦãʦǾδޡޣЭ°߰͡ 

ٴ˵һ£λСͺС˼Ĺϵʮرû취˵ֻ࣬ҵ趨ʱ߹Լ߼ʵڲĻ롣ֵܣһĪĪһһOKˡ 

Ҫ˵ЩǾǣһп֤ݵ֤ĪĪǰ͵壬Ҳ壬һϴǱû̥ˡСͷа̲֪ˡ̥Ҳǲ̥ǻһӲЩСǲǱðġȻǣ 

λע⡣˵һϵ˼ϵأ 
Ҫˣ̥ǵĲС˼תЩǶŵĴܣ 
Ƕʲλǣǣǲеģ 
עĹ°ɡ 
һдøʡ 

PSҴֺдմġҲżҼʺȫƴõġִֵ֣Ҿ͵ûɡоЩֻѾľ͵ȳɡ뻭ͼġûáֻдˡൣ 

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ҺӵγʱѾǰʱˡ 

ʲôʱҵĿģһ첻Ѿأ 

Ҫɡ̵ֵҲֻоѹסڹҪۺö࣬һҲæֻδû£̾ûжӺûˣ 

ôܵˣּˣĿƺѲ˸ϵ 

ϵ£ʱСô֪أҲʮ˰ 

Ҫ㽲òãסҡβĺܣ 

¶һЦ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬һŭҪɱ㣬ҽʹţǼС֪ʲô£ȴҲҶʡʱվ˵ϣ⺢дܲɱպ󶨵ڣҺһģʮϣҽͷʮ룬ֻ㻹ɣϴŭʲôʱֵҽһƴȥ˺ưɹûëҽȻˣ˵Ҳҵһݣգһһֻ㻻Ҷһܻ˰ɣȻӽԾˡ 

ôˣ˵Ȼ赭дҲʱ龰ΣҲǡ 

˵ҵ 

ûлشֻḧҵͷ 

˵㣿ôôǲҪһ˾أ 

ЦˣأҸϲ 

 

ԭҾ˾ˣѹҼСνѪŨˮֻѾԸ֪Ϥô˵òҲֻ֮ͬǵʱû⴦룬ҵûɵ׽Ҳԭˡ 

룬ղ˵ľ£пǸҪɱһ˼ʹסˣô˵˼ӦҲܸм̰ɣ֪˼֪֪̲صϢҪУ 

Ҷ˵Ҫȥ˯һ£ӦһҾҵסܡܵ˲ſûˡˣҪϵķˣ 

ҶſУӰӣӰӡǰܺϣϣûõģɤӶʹˣһͷ󺹣ڴ취ʲô취أֻΣÿһζңһҲûҹ 

ˡ˻һЦһ˫ԺΧסҵ˼ͷ΢΢ţҵļϣҰ 

һͷ˿ڿˮߵһϾöûСǾ̿ˮҺ˵ôô죬ų 

µҵЦɵϣǳһģʲô 

ûСǿ硣 

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ǣֻõģ㴵Ҿͻ֪ҰӹҺá 

ô˵ҾͶˡˡ 

˼̲úҪҪȥ 

ȥ𣿡˼ҡҪҪһȥ 

ð̵סԶ𣿡ҺȥΪ̣ΪǸҲǶ 

˼ƤһЦǺã͵͵ȥɡҪҺ뵥һ𣡡 

żģ˼ǵľ˾˰ɣ 

ǰô㲻𣿡˼Ѿˡǵÿ㣬ˣ 

ǣҺܺã̫˰ܾ϶ѻİ̫࣬ܲ𰡣 

ĵǣѩеĳԲݣ˦˦βͣĴ˸ǡ 

˼ְұǰѩ£֣ѩ±ܻãŴ͹ͷ񷢾£ߣҼΪ̧䲽أĪǴ˵еԣҶӦҲһİɡƫƫв 

ˣ˼ҴӦҪһģҳȥˡѰң϶ˣһͷ 

˼£дӸˡ 

ֽʿ϶ûеġ˸նݵϺ˵ҿ̡ 

˼ѾЦɹЦˡߵһǰ־дȥ̣Ӱӻ棬 

ҿ̵Ư߽żõָףͲһλġͷƯָףЦ 

ٴûǰ󼲳֣ۡΪʲôߺ棿Ц˶𣿡пİɣûУмһˣУɱǹݰҹԹҪҪ 

ˣǸĳǣҪôأ 

ȥϸϸĹˣСҸЦĿңһ£СͣҪӶľͰװʯͷˣ 

ңȡ衣ҾȻһɱ 

ûвķһġ 

ЦСͣ㲻𣿡 

벻ˡҡͷĶûˡ 

ҡһ䱦СͣˣҪɣ 

 

14壿 

լ˼Ͳ¶ͷˡúɴ棬ִһ£һӰӡ 

ҵΪҪʮã˾Ƿڳֽ׻ҸĿǵģڵÿһϸ˻ź뾺Ҫˣ 

Ȼֻһû 

  ֪ô 

Ȼ㰮ĲңʲôϵҰǣһȥĽ㣬òȥԻ㣬ȥյ㣬һһҲң¶ҪճôôܵõҼҪЦˡ 

ңң㰮ǰ˼ 

˼ 

ߵ˾ǰ˼ 

Ӧǰɡ 

еЦˡ 

 

֮ΪҸѪˣΪΪǰ˼ɣ 

֮ԻӦҵ󻶣ΪҲΪǰ˼ɣ 

ҲЦͲֱҪ޳ˡ 

ҵԺлιľԽҲ 

ΪʲôΪʲô 

԰˼ʾʱϲĪ 

ǰʱôľ 

ֱ°ߵĲǰͶǰ˼ʱŭǺ졭 

ҵֽܲ˵ĸ£һըˡ 

ҵľͼӵˮһǰһĻĻƵת 

˵ұ°ߵе֡īŲǳ˺籺ͳûиô 

籲˵ˡ˲ҩľƲ𡭡 

ǰ׳գȻҩơ 

Ȼһҩĸֺȴҩľơ 

Ϊʲôأ 

˼Ϊʲôһֱ˵Բ 

ʲôԲˣǧţ˳šԼҲʮ簮 

ĵϣΪǰ𣿲ǵģ֪Ĵڣôлᵱˣ 

˼ΪʲôһҪأòһִ书ָߣǸôҵԼ˶İ 

СͣҿǷġ书ûˣֻҪ㿪Ŀ֣˼ϻӦҡ 

ҡҲҪĿǷҪĲֻҪ塭Ҳȥˡ 

壬ô㣬ô㣬ô㣬ô㡭ΪʲôҪô̵£ΪôΪȨôΪʲôΪʲôҪҰأ 

֪ˡΪ˰˼ΪɣܲΪһаɣûڣ˼Ϳλ˰ɣ 

ûҡûҡ 

ͷһ˵ԼҲھͺˣʧͺˣҴûͺˣҴûʶ㣬ûͺˣ಻ľͺˡ 

ǿԼ侲 

Ҫ֤ݣһҪ֤ݣֻҪû֤ݣľͶϹˣһҪҵԼŷ֤ݣ 

ϣӦɡ 

˼е㲻ͷסͣżңСͣôˣôɫôѿ 

ҡͷûµġǿȥɡ 

ۣҼǰɽ·ͷһƬֻƣһԺ䡣 

壬ˡ 

ҺͰ˼ˡ 

 

СԺɾģ˼Ѿȥˡ 

һƿԺ߽ȥ߽Ϳ;ΪһŮ˹ˡ 

ûô򶨣򶨣һҪ򶨡 

ûлشø̽ѨλóʱѾһߣҡͷ֪̿첻ˡ 

ɲҺʹ̵һ᣿ǰϸ̵ 

ʱһǸˣɫƣƤµɫѪɼþʹĥ۾Ѿˡ 

;˳ȥšڴ˼ƮҼһС˼ţС͡Ϊңҿ첻ˡǣ̣㿴ǲôãԣֻҪúóҾûźˡֻ˵˼ʹòУҵС˼СҲܿҪúöС˼֣СͣС˼ҲܺҲҪúö 

˼һγĬˣ˰죬Ц̣ϴˣҲǰ˼ףϴˣ ҡͷģСֻҷֵóǣǵ񲻻С˼סҵ֣ʲôôΪʲôҿôң˼ҡͷҲܹ˵¶˵ûУҺܺá 

̵ԶСʱ򰡣棬ÿһ׵òˣ໥֣ĪĪʱֻһ㣬Ǿͻ໥ãһֱ˵ĪĪԣԣǣʱǿɰѽΪүôҲãֵͬģϽһҪ໥֣ҲҰ״ܹһ 

СʱýжԷĪĪҵ亹ˣûôаɣ 

ǰʱǼ棬͸˵ĶƵģʱ˵ĪĪҸղų˹𻨸أҪҪɣĵúÿģҲʹǵ裬СǱҲһͺ۸˶Զһ¶ûҸүͲϲǣ¼Ҫɱǵ£Ҳֵܶɣ 

ŲǰĪĪҰӴĻҡҡɣ 

Ѿҵˣ 

̣ǻضȥòãĻչҲ㡣 

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Ӱɪɪˡ 


15ˡ 

һᣬ˼ֶ㿪һ;壬ǵɫԣôˣ 

Щ£ǻȻȥɣ 

Ҽһͽӹֻһ֡¼ٹ飡סҵͷ²˳٣ǿȥѩҡͷһߣ 

ڣ˼ǲģֻŶм£ӦԽԽõģ˼һƥԼͱͬҲˡҲ̫ȥ뾺£һǶǣԵҿƥʱҵĳɾͱ󿴳ˣδҪҪͬһƥ 

ȻҪµֻǾ壬ٺһƥȫЩ 

˭˵ȫģһҾͱַˡԺסңҪҼҵıظ˵ʹûɵģҵһ¾ͺˣҵĲҧȥ ءҧסͷûҳС͡Ũ񻯲ķǡҺ㡭ͦҵĺ͵¾壬ȴĿ֡ȫ̯ĻǿЩȥɣ 

ضŵĵڶ˾ʣҿʼΪԺӵˡ 

ɫ΢ʱǸϻضţû£ܸˣΪ͵ܵģֺº̸ƧĵطҲݺݵشƨɣְڻͷԹ˺һᣬŷſңȥ˯ҲˣߣԼܻأͷ˯ûԣ 

һ˯ȫϯҾأ̫ˣѣϯֻұͿУҾˣôܵҽסһҧȥž 

ͷתۣͿһŰ۵СΪ¶ҰףҰצţ΢ŵΪ¿ɵڰš 

գһۣӦˣǱһơֻңΪǺʹҳϣӲҼǱϲ⣬ȴ¶ɫٺ١ҹЦÿμҶ׽ŪҵһѾͰѹڴϣޣñԼˣ㡭Ȼ󲻹ѡ 

֮ҾҵĶˡ 

ıۣһҾǻ쵰ţܲɺİ̡ 

ҳϣҰ׽ŪΪԸҲǱ̬δʶһеģʮ꣬һ˭µĶ֣ǴӳǵĸϾȳģǲǳǴģ 

ûиһæ·ʹͷڴǣͷ΢ĵһ¡ 

ǣޣ˫ۼץ֣ߣĸš 

ֱӴ˵Σ˸ӣֵˮմǣôСĺ㶼Ź㣡 

еĳȻţ׵ĺӲˡűӽָų˵ݺݵش򣡴ģ 

ôһֹֹҲйǺޣǿеĺ⣬ӣ׼ǳȥ 

ǡһҽУѪӿҰӵڵϣһͷԽҵĻˡ 

̫˰ɣҲҲ޳ΪʲôȴҪôп£һӣлرΪʲôеѪȵʹԣҪˣҲ㣬úô㣬ٿˡ 

Ȼҽвֻһ޾ʹŭĿȴƤѿôһӣɭɭĹͷ¶ȥǣֻʣ¹ͷˣ˵ 

Ƕģ§ű߳Σ£ۻغ籴ֻһ䡣ҿ籣ղŵѪζǿûгɣʲô£鵹˰ɣô˭ѵأ米ʣʲôأȻѵģͬҩˣȣ˺Ҳƫᰡ 

ǰοҩмҡ 

̾һת߳ȥſڵҵıĴϸƵĶң֣ȥԷɣ 

ǽҳԷģˣæǰܣ˷ͿΧǰҡһͷһѪܽˣǸʲôȥˣŪôһң˶ˣлµɣϴϴɣ 

ȥˣеЦûУ 

ҾܾڳԷʱ̸ôĵ£ҡͷ 


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Ȫ׷ĸ裺ĳģ˫߹ұסҺùµҺѹҵĺʹûҵĿ࣬ǰңҲңǰĲҡֻ˵ɣΪֻǲͬġԽʱյ룬ˣ˼ܶ˭˵µҷϣþúþá 

߽һ˾롣⼸죬Ǽû˯µĴֻң󣬻æͼܿˡ 

С͡ɤӽңұһ£ӣҺ㣡һʼϵľ᲻״Щ 

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һǷʲô£ҰƽˮرߣϣͼȥûڷҼԶԶģСԵİϣһŴͼƺ˵ʲô 

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׷ʲô£ 

鲢Ѱ£˼˰˵ҺͷӥҪֶԸǶţ 

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˵Ƕţһֱల£˭ǰҸȥȨҵУһĥϵḶ́ȴҼλĸ£ֱ°ˣԣＸǿǴģҼҶʧ˽֣ҲҵѹҷãҪǣɼʮ־һֱ֮ԿһˣȴʲôҲǲˣȫﲻæ 

úģȻھ˵룬վ֮Կûʵ;Ҳȶҷģҡʿܴڲ߽⣬ƻϣ֮ЧһҪս˵ҷȳùǸֲ 

ͷ΢Цֻһ仰 

Ҷˣѹô֣ҪɱӢȥô 

ҡͷɱ;ȥȥ˵Ӣϣ¡ 

ʲôʱ֣ʡ 

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17Ӣۣ 

صס˯ĶԱ߿ӢͦһΪҳˣȻʯĳҲ˺ΨһԥǣҪҪ塭 

  ҵĽʹ 

Ҿһֱߣ΢΢ʱ΢΢ۣţһ㶣ּ˯ڵϣˣң̫ˣȻ˯𱡱ңҵϡ 

ұۣңǻģʾҾֻɳĮϵĽ棬æ壬Լôѿ˿ĿΪʲôҵĶǾָڴִΪͿ󻬣һһţ󣬵Ľҵּͦ׼ʱԼڳ˵Ҫ 

̾˿ͣסˣǲ𣿡ûϵ֪Ҵǿġֲˮ׼· 

ҷץסָɡ 

ҧҵĲûƭңȷҵİ£Ϥ̶֮ϣָҵĸ仮ԲҾ;һֱǻҵ˷ܱｿȫɣ׵ľͽҵ壬ûеʹ֮ͣǰٴأҵĳ̶Զҵ֮ϣһڳ۳ңһ氮ҵ壬ұеĻҪ˷ܣǶţϢţͬʱ԰ɣҷĻҪŻҪҪСľ塭Ǻںģһҹû˯ң׺ıۣСĵñӰҸǺãҵĶͷ뿪ˡ 

ѾˣЦԱ߿ҡ 

ǡǲ𣿡һԼ壬ֻæñڡ 

ȡˣĶЦ⣬ 

ķ𣿡 

ǣˣ 

˭ɵģҼֱŻֺ£ 

֪ڲ飬ǵˣҲңҰɡ 

˲ǳΪǶŵĴӢôҸ̫ˣ 

ȥϴ裬ԷһЩҪ죬һҡҷŽȪȥˡ 

һһҪҪϱһԷʱһѰȥһֻĸɽҵǰؿңһᣬתһͷһֻͷĪҪҸ 

˼£ϣȥһСֹһСţƹһٲҼһڣмѪԥһ£߽ȥȴһɵĴһ棬ؿڴȫѪ 

˼Ҿôôˣһæܣȥо 

ҪҪ˼𣬿żٺٵЦСͣˣɱ򣡡˿˵ģҪƽҪֻ֣Ҫ˭㣬ҾͻΪ 

˼ҡȥо壡 

СͣҪţҰѻ˵ꡣ˼סҵӣСͣǣһΣҰ㣬˽ĵģҡҪһˣϲøң 

ø㣿ҵȦתС˼Ǹ˲ҵģͲǣûҵģֻҪ㣬ġ 

ҡ˼۾Ҫû£˯һ¾ͺã 

˵ҶԾ廹ôһôҲûˣѽˣʹ𣿻᲻𣿻ἵҲ֪ʱΪҵ磬ҵˡҵģǹҵû壬ôΪ°ɡһص˼ߣõĺ½ȥұΪˡ 

ҪˣĴһСһܻͷˣǣѩڳԲݣҲô顭ҺһӰ˭һҿӰˣҲĶȥҼ߳ﱧһССİҲ뿪𣿡ңеˣһ߰ɣǣѩ£ȥϴοʱ߹·߻һߣ˹ؿȥĻģ֪ӦĶȥȥﶼһɡѩµƨɣ˶ȥӭ̫ߣӦûкͷɣ 

СʱҾѺܸԣˣ⵽ΰܣԷ׼֮ͽԼˣġҶҶ÷һߣغõı룬ĥӲңȶԷʱͿԳɹˡʱҲܣû죬ᱻ׽סֻǺ򶫣кӹӣ˼죬ͷٳȥһڰ˴ӪԲתʱ˶޲׷Ҽȥˡ 

ΣҲҵңԣ˿գͰѩ»ɻԼҲһ࣬ʼƵաѩͷסһԭڵˣʱͱòôˣٻ·ֱવҲҲˡ 

Һ⣬߸裬һҪ˵ǣȻڹڣϰֵҵȴǹʵģҽӴ¹ʷ£ҵ츳ַ֣ҿм䲻ͣٵİձӢĸлľһ質ѱô˺һᡣ 


18ʱ㣨ƪ 

ʪĵʯԶ⣬Ե֬֨֨ػŵ´ŵ֬ӦԶ½صһСû˻ҵģЦŵ֮ȥͰţϵʹֹĥ壬˸ǱĹ⡭ģҲᣡ 

Լ̫ˣ֪ӰӲڣֳȥˣȴûм 

żɣἱʲôأ󡭡Ҳ㣬ЦҾͿˣ᲻Ϊҿ 

⣬һӰƮȻ˭ 

ңº͵Цǽۣѩգǰ˼Ӱӣ 

㣬ôҵõǡһж㰲ŵģ͵Ǳģǣ 

ôô룿˼߹ôץ㣿ҵĵܵѽ 

ˣλӾģֻҪٰң˭֪أΣյۣ̻ǲóͷ׽ңȴڱݡ 

Сͣ˵ʲôҡô꣬ΪʲôǲңҵܵܣԶǣҰ㻹ô˺㡭 

ôأ΢΢ҡͷҪ˵׷ٶģҲţˡ 

˼̾һֵѽǬҸоõ 

㻹ûõĹôЦңΪʲôҳȥ 

СͣǬûõĹ򡭡˼նȥֻһ죬˿˼ŴʧǺ 

ͲмЦǱأôͨң 

 

˼ĬˣڰԣӰһĨĪЦ 

Сͣ书Ѿ˰ɣ 

Σ 

û书û취ɶŵɣ 

 

ڲȥѰնǵȲһɣ 

أٴЦ㿪ʼҪȡˣ𣿡 

ѽҲǲ뵽ġ˼΢΢񱻺ͷ紵ĺˮôǸɣҵǬѾСɣҰҵ͸㣬ȥ 

 

Ϊʲôƽıʼ߽⣬ΪʲôΪʲôôã㲻Ǵѽü̳жŵӦ㲻ôӦе磬ӦúҵģӦúҵģΪʲô㻹һֱڰңҲҪ塭Ȳң߰ɣȥ󣡡 

ɵϣҵܵѽܲ㣬ôŵλ˭ֻ㿪ģֻ֣԰ҵһҲһȻܾȥҿҵȥӳȥɣһҸġôСֱͣڣ㶼Ͻһô 

 

ŵŵܼϵǬ 

һĨ׹ʯɴڣʺĹ⻪漴䣬ǧ㣬˺ʹ羲ֹˣһ̣㣡 

 

磬硭˼°͵ᣬ磬ûôѣҡҾȥú½ȥҪңһҪҡ 

ǸήٵҰûưܵܲ˾޴Ĵͣ٣ھֹͿҡǾû壬磬Բ㲻Ҫһֱ㣬ֻҲ㣬жãҶ֪ҡֻǹԲɡֻҪ㻹ţҰѶŻ㣬ʲô㡣һ㣬㿪ģٲû书Ҳûйϵһᱣ㡣ԺӰӡ 

ﴫŲæأӽ쿪ʼҾӰӣ磬ֻҪû¡ 

 

ʱĨλ꽻ɹ 

˭ĪĪ˭ǰ˼ 


19·ǿˡ 

ʵҲұϱֳôʵҲͦģұΪִˣŴʱһ˿ϲΪҵִ֪ʶչһȭţҲˣŷһЩ֪ʶȫִ󻷾ڵģһ㶼òϡҷҰĻҵܿ磬ܵ˵ִִ̫еĿѧֿƼǾݻġѧ֪ʶֻĻڣҺѽ˼꣡˵֪ԭû豸޷磻֪ķʽû취£֪ĶԽ࣬Խû֮أһһˮԼǿɽҰҲҳԵĵִˣ 

ֻһ˵˵Լһ£ҸĵطһҲˣǣ߻һҵʹûˣʱɫʮֹŹ֣ͳˡȻϲ׽ŪҲްҾֻܲˣȥĶأ 

ʮֿգ˴ȴ־ǴңĲôҵԳԷֻС̯ӣ˯Ͷׯ˼ң·أС·ͱʵ˼졣 

ԴӺҳ֮˾ͱʮ֣ʱڹ۲ҵɫҸʱȻҲģҪǽз꣬ͺܺ¡ҲǣҿܲÿˣҳϣʱԼ̫ס 

죬ѩһɽ䣬ΪɽûʲôˣɽȪϴ裬·ĵúܡţţ鷳¾ˣҲ֪̫ãǵʵ˥֮һմٻɽ 

ϣһȽֵǣ쿴ֻү 

塯һ£ʮ˾ͰΧڵУԻذ£ƴˣǾˣ 

һȤǵСã½կһɣ 

ǵһЦǾƷկ᲻øǣԼ͵ų˰ɣ 

һ˻Ц˭أ 

ֵǣзݣ 

һƬЦһҼֱϡ 

ҲڣǼӾͳ˾ˣˣǰɣһʮĺ׳ҿ 

һȺЦկ˵ģ׽ĸ˼ͻȥأ 

ңߣǳͷʣëһ 

ֱҿɫԵθҺһӿ 

ô죿ôָ࣬书ƾҺͱˣֵĻᶼûСȥܣѾΧˣֻǸѧ硭·вͨҧֻпˡ 

ҿǺ׳ͻȻ΢Ц±ͷ̧ 

ҿǰʩһһЦڸ磬ֵ·ˣ˺ףŵ˼Һ¡ 

ǺǰѾѿ죬ּЦͷˣû£û£иڣԹԣֻҪұ֤û¡ 

Ц˳һ½ø磬Ҿ͹ҵܵܵСĪҪŻ 

ᣬᣬֻҪǹԹôأǺſ˫ǰȥұڻһֻ֣ḧؿڣø磬Ҫʹңǰֵܳʮ·Ȼ˼ǻŵҵЦѾˣĵġ 

ûǣܣܣͷϵĺѾˡûһֻϵذѾˣѨҲᣬҿϵã 

һȺżɫʲôģû˷ֲͷһȥ 

ߵԶˣҲŽУ·סֽţ 

Żع񣬿ʼף׹ʱææߣæ˰ŰáջذףЦø磬ҪˣԼأ 

ǰƥϻȻ񱼣㱼˰գٲ׷ˣһӱͣסšʱȶˣڵأȫ·ʪ͸ˡ 

ҿЦԺۺʱεأǶͿɡ 

ǰסңصĿӳˣһɣֻһ£һϣҪ˺ѣõܵܣ㣡ȥҪñ˺УҪүҪɱ 

20 
ȥҪױñһУסˡ 

󼸴Ѩ⣬ұƲ㶪һߣһʵİ¹һ𱦶ʵûô 

ҾֻڴĹ͵ĳסβͣڹĸ󡱻ס죬ȫľȫڣȴҲģǳ裬Ȼ˵ 

ǽ๫ӲмĿң㻹ҵϹҪ벻ֱ׽һΣǻԵ 

֡׽һΣϸ仰˼ǲģϴγ׽ңǲǣûϴ׽ĵȷңͻȻã̫ˣؾ£ҵ֤ݲؾˡǣѾûйϵˣѾˡҿǰһԣƭңһֿʼ衭 

ʲôǽүһȴһ̱סүҪǺˣһֱңҺã㲻ҪΪ 

ҺٺЦñȰ㻹ɱңھû׼ҲЩô 

ǽүһлýҵĲϣѻ˵ 

Ц˼ýָҲӣѨǰ书ûеˣ֪ǶЩʲô 

ҡǽү·үû취⿪ҵѨ 

ҷԱǰ֪ģԡҸ˹ƣ ʲʲôһԼĶӡҡͷʲôĹƣֻơҲ֪ʲôǵˣһ˶µʲôˣǻи顭 

ҡҡֿޣҲҪǽүͣҽƺòã 

ðˬͷҪһº󣡡 

ΪʲôҪһ£⡣ 

Ϊһ¾͹ӵˣ⻰ǲ˵ģ£ҵĹµʱҪŻ˯һºٳŻĻǻޣͻˣʱҲʲôǵˣ 

үѾŭɶˣ˵ƭģ 

ҡͷʹƭҵģ˵Һһ顭 

˵ģǽү粻ҲֻűҴ㣬֪ΪʲôҡͷΪƣһ˽ţͻ˶ʱ˻ѪҺ 

ҪݵģԼһ˼ĿˣȻǰԧ˫ɣ 

ǽү氮òˣ֮󣬱ͰһѾðˣͣһºұʧٹ㣡 

һ𱦶֣ʵԹԹң 

ҡͷͣҲԹ㣬֪ĶҺã 

þ˱ɰ׳գǽ๫Ӽ¸ߵһˣȻƭתһ߰ļҲûˣϸʮ־ʵһˣҵı 

ǽүһ·нסĿջҲԼ˯һ䷿๫ӸҪҵѨͿޣͲܵġ๫Ӿ²ˣֻա 

ҹˣһ˯ţܲģһǮҲûСʱǰǮֳݵģһݣһݣһݣԱһұ๫׽סҵһǮͱϽˣûǮ粽СȥϵǮڲڣһ룬ţͣǱ˯ô 

ҵȻû˯ȥţֻ˼⡭ҹģæţڱôǽү 

ʹͷȦͺˣͣ㲻ҪҵҲƭ㣬ұ㣬һὲġҺ£˶ţ㣬ɾ͸£ң㡭㲻Ҫңֻѡң˹ֲҡ 

ͲˣֱҲˣ´¾Ͷ˵ƭңûжװ 

ͷͣҲ㣬Ҷ㡭ǰˣҵͰ˳үү˺ףĺÿ͡ǺˣҺ£ͲϣʹңҲˣȥҪ籽죬Ҳżүүǳүĸɶӣƽղסׯɻ͸үҪҡҪҰ¡ү붼û͸ˣǸҴӡүҺãҲϲҺáʱڼңһ߾ǶꡣүԽԽãͳŽүڼʱҡң˫ΧҵĲϣʮֽš 

籽ȹҼΣûõģǳүļҡҲҶԽү˵ֱǰүͻȻһŭ֮£Ҫүү˵ֻҪүӦһ£Ͱ͸үһҽ⿪ӡүʹӦˡҲ֪ģ̇ۿңͣԲҲ֪үҪүȥץ㡣 

ҵͷʾסֹ£үһֱûң죬үˣ˵ǿˣѾΪү£еĶ鶼ˣҵԼĸҪҹȥǳүȴ˵ҪŪϵֻú½ɲɣ½ˣүû취ֻȥҺ½˭룬ûŵ˾͵ˣҺú£װὲΪҼ书ִӣǾûģҾͱ˶šͣԲҼ֮ҲҶ㽲˶ţǲңҺú£Ǳү׽סģҡңҸ㡭 

꣬̾˿һֱñԭĺܿнүҲһ¡׫ģȴҲܸһǽүеĳޣҲǲС鷳 

ͣĿң֪˵ƭүģǺǡһЦҲ˵ 

ıײˣүֻ˼վ⡣Ϲ׽͵Сϱŵһֱӣ·৵ػࡣ 

ͣʲô£๫ܵôľͷ۾ˣҿЦ̾ѱ·Χãҵؿ£ 

Ҳðҿû½๫ӸðҺߣӵĺ£ 

ү۾ʱѾˣ´סү˥󣬡Ͷģûʲô 

үһ۵ǻȥʣ 

һˣֱýүҺЦؿű׵촽߲ҡ 


21һδƽһ 

һн⼸գ·ϵĵкЩһ׻Һһ£֪ԭǷӥĵˣҰ׻ҲģǽүҪȥӥҲʱ仹ȱңȻգ˽˵ӥм˺ܶʲô̳дҪ졭ˣҲеģܵиִ֡ 

ֳŽү˯źˡӵģͣ쵽һˣסүˣƭôҶ죬лӰɡҡһġ 

ڵڶΪڶǴ󼯣ɽ˺ʱһҲɢοִĻҪѵġеڵڶλתСתתתҾתȥˣʱʱһ·񱼣ܳ 

ȡϻصĽѵͿڵϴɽ裬ǰߡԶԶļһǰһǶҡͷ֣ǰȥڿһʯͷ 

Сֵܣҿ˽ʯͷ·߼ģģЩ֪ʲô 

̫ɵȫûзʲôԣʱҷһҾӦ÷Ĵһ¡ֻֳ衰ҲҲǰһڣȻ¡˵ĵˡ 

ʱˣһţϣġһ˵Ҿ˵ϴ󲻻ƣҪı˼ҲƻҪ˼ֵǮأǺүˣȥ¸ӻ 

һ˵ҪҲ֪˵ǰ¸ҪصңأֵģҪǿСκãˣҲãȫˣɾûʲôǸӡ 

һ˵Ҫǿ 

𣡡һֹˣеģҪɣ鷳ɴ࣬ȥŪˮûӾˡ 

һү뵽ܵȥ 

ţͣסˣһڽ⿪ˣһֻ־ˮϺҲ˵ŻСӣҲǡôõģպ㷢ˣҲͼպԣҲáָۣǺү˵ûӣƤ⻬ģѿĶȥ 

Ҿͱ˼ʮӸˡ 

 

ұϳһӺصˤڵϡϵʯ鿩ʹˤҵǸӵ׳һۣţүҲôÿƵġ˹ҡ 

ס˫ѾľָڣѪҺøͨûʲôɫֻһŴһѰûʲô֬ˮۣ̫̫еĻɲ󣬹Ȼٱƿʱһδ󺺣ǰҵ°ϸ˺ð˵ԭгôƯүǣӻģŵһ¡ 

ִϴˣϵĻƱȱǿң͵һǹĹĵĿ£һ˵ļһΪʲôôأлȥֺҲܱȱǿаʩǿĺðɡˣֻǲģһҾͻûˡ 

¾˺ҵ·˺߿䣬ԹԣİףƵġ 

ұ壬Ҷһпܻ£Լѣң־أҳʹҲҺߣصĶϡҪ 

컹Ǵڵģ˶ļһﶥҵ˽ҪǿнʱűƿˣĵȻ죬һɽףţ 

´磬٣СӿúܣҿǴţ֣´·Χ䣬ұأô˾Ͱ˰һүһϲ 

ɽͷүɲһλүһǰҵĸԣסס˵׼ءǿɲܸôû׵¶˵ҪģԺ󻹲ŽݣŮȺ˱߻ɵЦЦһᣬɽ˵ţС˼үмңֱŵģŪˣʱôˣһС˳裬ү״Ҳð졭 

ţͷͲ𣿡 

Ҳͷˣ㻹̵סɽҡͷҪҹ͹ȥɣҹζ࣡ 

ţһҧУھͣ 

ɽߵǰסϸǿѹִţ̲סǺǣͣҪñȣˣһߵԱߵĹӴҷ˰죬ҳһУЦŮ֪˳вУŮ˳⣬ǶҵŮ޵ġһ־ӣҩҵ̷ҼѨ 

ɶû취ҩ³ȥֻϣǹڼҩˡ 


22ӥ 

ұ·ͷ򵥵Ĵһ£ˣҵķҵúܣҸоҩѾܻ˳ҵĺθٱҵգѪҺҵͷ磬ҧأסһƬǿҩҵ۽룬Ƥֳ͸ķۺɫҵĴϢԽԽء 

ͣߣͣÿͣ£˵ĿӿңͣµʱѾʼˣҾҾ񱻶ľ׮ϵķĸèҵ࡭˭˭˭йĻ𡭡 

ٴαҿˣ˿һֽۣűǿ˵µүΪʲôڷӥأĪǶųˣĺ룬ǴʱҵӱȽòȥҵʹƺûпЦź˴к 

Ķҵ˵͸λˡ 

˵һ·üˣĩٵüˣ飬СүůӴ˿ڳϵ 

ͷЦһ֣͵ҷ 

ұͽڴͷҵͷҪըˣŮǻʵҵȫ̿ȼգſ˽ɣôÿ 

ûжãˡΪҪҵҲΪҽͣΪʲôǣʲôûУߵǰ⿪ҵѨҵصءƬҲû˷̡ 

Ҫ㡭ҪҹǰҪõЦôҪô⿪ҵ·ҵôԣҵĽһӵͦţһȴסˣᣬһµŪָ߸ˣҽֱֱͦϡ 

Էôҡ 

ҡͷվۣ·ߵǰŽеˣһСܹŴţҲŴƣæǰһ̧ͷѾͷ˫ۿңһŴ 

ŪԵĹ򵥷Ըһ֣ѾͷܿˣܿģܻҹͱµģûˣȥϢɡˡ 

 

Ҳңһᣬҡ 

ؽȴ͵һűۣƨʵʵİơˣСͣںʲôҰ£ʹȴϲϲ˵ޣԲ´Ҳˡ 

ҵӵģҿ޵ңˣָ͸˵ȥԣ 

ұͺȣôأⲻǷӥĵ𣿡 

ЦʲôֵģѾ𣿡 

ҵȻǰ˼ɵģ 

ɫӥһѾûˣ20ͲˣԻҲٲƫƫԼûкˣԣӥļֻ̳䵽ĶݷɺԻĶϡЦҾԻĶӣСɵϣԻ⹫ 

ô˵ҾͶˣ̳˷ӥǶô죿 

"оǡ"Ц"ûµġݷǸ޶٣ֺôϲӥУԺٲȷѪ̳꣡Уٿɱʮ̫ƽ" 

"Ƕŵ˰ôӣ" 

"а취ģСͣ㲻õġ"ɫ񺣣ҿ 

"˵ϲˣǶԵ" 

"Ҫԣ"ЦˣǸ˻أ"õĻλҪֱûУǵʱݷɵĶӻӣҲûʲԿģ" 

"ѽ"Ȼ"ҪСģ˵ҪǱ͵ȥˡ" 

ң˵Ц£"Сɵϣ͵ǸղŵȷУѾˡ㶼벻ôһλӣ" 

ҺٺɵЦ"źô" 

"ŵû¡"Щɣƺò⡣ 

"ôˣ"ǲ·Ҽ"˵" 

""̾"СͣҲ㣬ƺϱˣ" 

飬еʧ䣬ǺˣɲҵģȻҲһ㣬ǣȫУ鱾ûɽģҵˣôһף 

"˭ˣ" 

"ǸӰӡ" 

"ӰӣǾô죿أ" 

"棿"ֵˣ"ؾʲôأ˵໥ĻҪ뿪أ" 

"--"ҽ"뿪"໥ĽΪʲô໥Ľ˼һϲ𣿵ʱҪ˾ҵʱﲻһϹ£ҡҪضţҪ壬ҪҪһ 

"ңңҪضţҪȥ"Ҽ 

ҡͷ"ڲУͻᴫҵг裬㲻ߣݷǺͿͻɱ㣻ضţǳǾͲҼ̳λٵһȰɣٹ죬Ǽλ䣬ʱŻɴףصģʱ취" 

ûûбİ취ˡ 

˵˻Ϳʼң֪ӵĶȥˣǾһһʮѻˣ˵ʱû¶̫Ծı飬Ǳ岻󣬿ǵȽүʱڴң"СͣǸүʲô֪" 

ҡͷ֪ 

һ²˵"Сͣһ˲õأ" 

""һ߽ӻһ߰ѵ 

"û´ĻӦþҵӢ׸磬࣡"˵Ц"λ仹أ" 

ҳԱˣ˯ӿ˯Լַ͸·ּߣһұ''һԺĺ۾һֱҽͱϴ¡ 

ҺϲĻģһֵ㡣⻨г˯ȥоûй 


23 

ʱѾˣҴһ𴲣һȷҪʲô̬ˡΪ룬ܲҪֳʶģΪԼ룬ʲôݱȽϺأǱǿ˰ĸҹӸ磬ǱǸ¸˽µ̺õͯҪһС˵ƵӶֺֺȣҪʱ״ӿ޿飿Ǳݺɣѻϴ桭 

ͻȻ𱦶ˣʵѡõһ·Ѿ˵ˣװƣôأ⸮ӦõǱ˵ߣȻ죬ΪҽҹʱҲϷһǾֻñֵ͵ˣҲǿԳϻģҶžŤһ£װ𱦶ֵССӵˡЧ̫ãҵü˳΢һͷԼùˡһǻˮôҲѹȵĿྡྷ 

һֻգɣΪʰɾɣ 

ϸͯһصĴڣÿ˶ῴȴÿ˶Ầ¡ԹӲľͷ磬ӲĺӶܲˣԵǰһѱֺýϵȫǣǿСѾʱҶ鴤ʹ 

ӣСǻԡţ뼵ʸռһ롣 

ưװˣװɲʺˡſشϣ̾˿۽ɨ˿ˡܲܰѳԵýӷúܣ²˴ 

ǻڵǺһ 

ȥˣᣬҺѾǵģΪ⸮ĵλίҲǣܰͽѾ֪⸮ﲢ̫ƽûǡˣҵЦûʲôլɡ 

ϴգԹһһ£еģȥߡʱžϷͱӵĲͬڶŵʱǱΡΰլȴģһһԺӣӭ磬Ҳó񣬿һᣬͷլƺʮֹžɡ 

˳ŵˮܳԺһ·ÿòＸŮЦźʲô˵̫壬ʲôţƹȥǿңʱֻúһңӡ 

תͷֻһϮ£һٷ¡ 

ӡ꿪ˣӿɷһ˵ 

ŶҲĵĻӦǰ˼ 

һ̾ӣզҹɳ¸ģ 

ǣҴвӢΰۿ棻ޣң 

ӡҡһ󡭡ͨ¡ 

һǰһ̻˵һ̾͹⶯ζɣ 

ҡͷӣǰ͵ġү϶࿴һۣңʵͶ·ˣȻȻҲԸң㣬ɲүһҵ֡Խ˵ԽҰף˵Լ˵ȥˡ 

ҺߺЦҺεºܣүǰԷæˡҰﲻ㡣 

ɫҰܣȻأ㣬治ϰҡˣ¸ˡ 

ұΪֻгǶΣȴ˵Ҳʮֺ棬̲ס죻ô 

ҡͷǣǼҸҲ⣬˵ԭǷӥһеүǣΪ׵¾綾ۿûûˣ˵ɫ֪ⶾǲˣԲͯݽΪԼòһõңٿԾһû뵽Ѿˣ˱ͽȴһҲûϣֱզ죬ˣͷһޣҵĳ־ͺñһĲݣȫ벻ǲҲѱԵңϣҸʱٿҲ˻ҩ 

ҼͰпˣöҲ֪ȴȫ֪һ棬ǣҲֻһ֮ǣ½ۣҿЦװε̯˫֣֪ҵĻҵݺҲһģ 

ǣ϶ҡͷǵģӣǲһүҲаˣͽʤͯˮǶ㣬ߣϣԸң㣬ʲô⣬ĲͬġôҶ빫裬ֻǣֻҪҺү棬Ҷ벻ɸ 

һ֣㲻ס𣿡 

ѣֹѣүͷԸЩֻڲԺңԵġˣҲֻǽлᵽ 

л᣿ 

ǵģǽĴ²үԸԺ˶ÿѡ 

δ䣬űˣһͷ߳㿴һۣһ㶣ԷҲһ㶣þòˣǵʱܶĲ½Զ 


24һ١ 

гҵ֣ΪԼȣҲװʶӭǰȥץס֣½֣þòǺذ 

½ԶϽˣӦ䣬Сܣô 

ԭλʶ 

ǰǰ½ԶЦǺǵģֵܣǺͺһΣ 

ðû˼ڴӦ 

عӣүͿˣ㻹ҪޣǲǻɤӼģ½Զ֪ҵݡ 

аޣ䵽ȴ̫ǿӲֻȥһ£ܿͻҲô 

ɫ䣬عӣҲ 

Һޣ 

½Զգ˰۾ǵĻˣƵĿңɫ࡭ 

ֲǵһ֪Һ˯õűֵôԾôҿ½Զñһ 

½ԶǸҾĳӴʱҲ֪ʲô˰Ĺ򣬲Ųź˵ҵöȴȫ֪ʲô˵ǣСܣһλү˻ô 

 

Ҫ澺ֹôҪΪƽôҲ̫ת˰죬ҲûŪ˼ʱ˾ĵڶ仰˵ˡСܣɽɵ⼸Ҳ˷ӥ㡭ҪСİ 

ˣһֻ꾫 

ҿЦǸëҲŲǧĵУֻҪģ 

ſ˽ô֪ƶëһͷһһϵĵʿŭĿЦڲ࡭ôɰɣ 

һΣ֪Լã͵ᱻ׽ЦǰȥŤŤ󣺡ҵҺ˵ģ 

һۣǵʿ񣺡µС棬ԭ£Ҫƽϡ 

Ҫɵ˶˵ûȴǵо䣬ֱңǿЦӭţЩë䲻Ǻ꾫Ҳһʱ֮ɾ࡭ 

һǵ˳̾һҸ˿ĻȴҴʧɫ˵ǻʮˣ㻹һ٣ 

ɫȻ㶼˵ǽ٣һˣʲôƿƣһãȱ衭 

һԱߣľˣû˵ңҲǰ˵ң˵Ҵ˸սʲôµطĪûˣеʿǴȱΪ𣿲Ǳ𣿰ҴɷɻʲôôأҺ׽ʱ͸²ְɣ뵽ҶʮЦǵһЦ裡 

ЩѾͷǼͶɢˣ½Զʿ£Ŀ¶ɻΪ컹ҪͺҲȥˡ 

Ѿ˿һͷżţƺǰֲңò⣬ôãܹһһָǸ´㣡 

ͷҲûأḧͷȥһҺ͵Ҫ̸ԻһСİƿӣģ˵ϲ㣬͸ţϲ 

ҿĵͷȴɵ˻ڵۿңһæˡ 


25 

ͬһ뿪ǰԺСй䣬һֱͷ˵ءһʱҲû˵ԺӼ˰ҲûֳʮϤ˽ﲻ⣬Ҳ͸ߣһᣬһСС԰֣һС¥ٳضһѽһľɫʮϤǸ¥̽İֱҾޣͬĸ¥ͬľ£ҲĳΪʲôͶô 

ԳΪϲָͣǰһ񰫼عӣҪҪȥĶһ£ 

Ѱ˼ҲлҪ˵͵ͷһϣ빫ͬϯ 

Լˣִͨǰҷһʮظˣ 

ҺǣΪʲôҪ¶ 

ͲڽʱƬ̲ԭӥô̫ƽӥݼ˴ģǷչڣȻÿݼΪҪˣַΪʮϣʮְֻλֻʹ˲ܵΣóֻʮһ꣬ʮᡣҪ£ӦЭϵģֱڣѡ˭λҲ˳ǵΡʱ򣬳ǵȨ󣬵һ˿ֻΪ书ܸߣֺԳǻһݷɾΪԼ˳ĵϼ̳ˣ±ԾӣʮҲǣǾͷֳɣһݷɼλһλʱݷɷһССĴ󣬿ССʧ԰뱦ӥʱ򣬾Ȼ˰ɱݷǸʮʮıЦǣɱʧȴʧɱǰӭӵһѷĳϣһƱͶһţݷ԰ʣµ֧Ҳ޲ѣ⡣һͽλ˲ʵĸ׾ǰɱĸеһԱ˶ҲЩˣֻǳλ֮Ҳ̸ʲôޡ 

һ£˾ݷǸ⣬Ҳ벻ʲôóǸ֬Сƿҩݸǧлȥĸȥˡ 

һСߣ¸ɻɽʯСϪСǲ֡һжϤĶǡΪʲô 

ǣҲв֮ͬͬľ£ŵҪܰ࣬ȴɪһ֪ĶˣݸԻլأļңҲҵ⹫ҡͻȻ۾һǶΪֺݼѣģԲڶһһģһݸ˼硭 

˵ʲôأӦǼݼѵģȴΪĪ±ԼܴʲôأǼĪ̫ҪǱѾˡ 

һлǰ겻ᣬתƬС֣ȥһƬ 

Ұ˭û 

Ҳôˣ΢촵ƬһƬˣӭչ˴ɫҲ׵ģģۺģۻƵģϵġһƬǻߵĶϱڲԫӳ⻨ģ˭ֵ˭Ļ߹ȥŻصľ飬ɪɪڶ˵ʲôվһƬУȻعˣվξУ⻨磬⾰ 

һӭֱֱı߽磬֣СͣǻȥɡյӳϣڵϴһӰӣǵӰһƣҿĹǷǵ⡭ 

Ǿվţûа취һ̡һĻֱ֮һΪξҲһֱҵ˼ʱÿοʼʱŵģҲ㡭 


26Ժ粨 

ڶ죬ʱǲڣ֪һкöҪ죬ҲܰҲǲԣҾԼҵӡ 

һţſڣҶǾԶ֮ģңҲϲɤӼģҺܲҪµңҵҪˡ 

뵽ľͿ͵ģʼʱˣ࿴һͿζˡңǸ޵ҶԸǿԵġԭ֪һİˡôһ˵ĻһֺÿֺƭĺĶȥأԣҵ¾ˡ 

ôסĶأ˵סլլһԺҲǻ·Լߡʱһӣ˵ǣֻҪʱ˿ˡ·ϵҲҷ뿴ҵľռ߳ɣһûóѾҹȥˡѾǹˡҲϰˡ 

ҴԺţŲߣһƬҷۿȥ˻վȫҡ˸񣬼òʣôûлشֻ˿һ䷿䡣 

һЦֱǷȥûߵֻʣ 

Ҳֱȥţô͵ͣסˡֻһŴˡƤҰף߳ж￴һۣᣴţˡÿҲ֪˳ˣ 

ҲȷǲĸԸģȻһŭҲǴһָ˭ȻңΪʲôͱ˹㡭ΪʲôҪң 

ϣһסˡǳĵģ 

˵úã˵Ĭϣһ˵ϵܲˣһˣһһе㣬㱳ңʲô㣬ҲԵңƭ˵ϲˣ 

ϸ˳ʮ־׳ֳţһ˫ۺڵҲӢҲҿԽԽ׶ָʣ˭ϲСô㲻ңΪô 

Żع˵ֱֱСعӣ̧ͷ¶ɫعӣҪСĿЦˣСңôҡ 

һҺعӣȫ˶סˣһ£ȫԺӵȫֻǾ׳ͦ 

΢Цҡͷû㿪ЦѽҾȥլģүӦҪźأܲôˣҪն࣡ 

ɫ࣬үŲôô˷ţ 

Ц᲻ң˵壬ֻүˣ˵壡 

ŵסҵ°ڣ˥ңعӣүûʲô 

ǲأ 

ͷʰһ£ͺȥ 

ЦָŸƣöôԺﵹ˽ᣬȺҽԺǼˣ 

ҰҡͷǵģǺعġ 

ôҿǸһۣ˫ȭֱǲŹ֣լʲô¶УûչܣǳĲأҲôˡһ֣߰ɣˣҽүµġת߳ţǹһصꡣ 

û˵ĵطҲվסתЦôĵӣĵôҸ㣬㲻ûô 

޳ˣǵģҲ֪ô֪ݸģһı˻ְңұǲϵģǣǣҵ书ûߣңҼȻݸүˣԸ𷣣ұҼҵһֱұȱ˲ͬعӣ㣬Ҫ 

Ҳ±˵ôǶкöѽ 

޵عӣʱͲסҲȥ˵ģĻʱԷЩǲ˵ġ 

ԽԽϲլˣ߻Ӳ˵и˼̾书ô 

ͷǻһ㣬ʮָǿ 

ҵͷǾˣԺ͸ߣңʱҲ԰ǸҲĻҪҲЩ 

ҪȥˣլᣬʲôԲҵĹػӻ 

ôҪҪԺ 


27ɵˡ 

һصլʱѾˣûлʰһӣԼȥҵԵģ·ͷವмʹͻͷɵ俴ңֻûعڣڣѾͷǲڣҿЦû¶ܶҿأѲɣ㿴ˣ 

ɵٿһ̾˿ӣأֻǲѡ 

պصģ 

ɵ΢΢ЦҲƭңʮǰϵ㣬ֻǵʱкܴͬ 

ҳȻͬ 

ǣҼʱ¶ãϷʱ̳õʾŸҶ̥ǿԾһ˵̥ʧˣһѹˣֻ 

ԭϵңôʱ˵и˿ҵ̥ˣôΪʲô㲻⣬и˼أЦǺѽҼȻѾˣﻹû¶ҡ 

ɵ˵ǲô򵥵ģҼʱ֮շǱѰҵʱ˵̥ǿɾһǣһǰοļ˵ģڣĽȻˣҼӡһĨ׹⣬Ѳ̶ʱֺ֣ʮֲ⣬ָʵƽĩ˿Ľǵĩܸա 

°һֱΪҺͰ˼Ļ껻һ£ûˣôһ˵ҵνӵĲôãҲѹ֣ʹѪҺָҲŲݵ⣬˵ˣһ죬ҵȥôΨһľ֮ǰúˡ 

ɵ˹ʩһ񣬡˸Ҳֻ԰ˡ 

ɵףԹżֻ࣬ҪܶҲпܻ˽ѡͣһ£俴ңǣԴΣ˼䣬˷Ϸ򶨵ΪΣɱ֮ 

Цû˵ģ̫ˡֻҪܻţͺܿˣҵĿվԱĵĻҪ࣡ 

ɵˣʩһ񣬵ӣΪ֮ 

 

ҸɵһţûҪԶ˼ֻȥߣͷع˸ո˵ĻԽԽľʿл˵һ룬߰˰ˣҪ˵ʲôأƺҲǰˣǣĺôΪʲô˵أôҲûֻ֣ǲ²⣿ǵð죬ֻҪûƾʵݣµҲ׼ģοֶƮģֻҪҧʧˣҲôţ 

ţţҷֲˣҵ֪ʲôʱˣһסͻͷһ鲼ڴͷ㣬ȴ㲻ˣѨƣұ׽סˡ 

˽㣬ҵĳұ࣬ڷӥ͸ûУ˼Ҳûŵô˭Ҫ׽أҵĳңһģΪ谮г裬׽ңҲЭЩʲô²Ŷԣôһ죬׽ҵ˼ָˣλ⣬Ϳݷɡ 

ұ˷ǽԺû߳ԶһϺȣǿˣǸ׽ˣϹǵĹۣҲ˭ 

ƨһʹ˱ڵϣֻƹһײֻһҽҵĿڴּգһڼҺһ̣㣿 

ҶŸƿһЦң 

˻ûҪǵҪ»ڣʻģվϵһЦлָָҪҪҴأ 

ƺһҵְ𣡲Ҫģ 

֪еöŪһȤˣΪ 

ģƵǵúˣңңҸﲻ׽ȥ 

ںҲˡеЦԼſȥҿɲᷭǽȥģҴ⣬ʱ²̫ƽԺ󶼻Ҫƺҵıڲˡ 


28м 

ұҪشլģһѾˣȥ¶ֲˣۻȥƣڰ˰ҲֻǶ˵ŷСǸһһȫɱˣ񲻸ɾ 

ŭ㣬㹦ҲᣬĵǺݣɱףҪү׽Ķ˶֪ôĻ 

Цǣүĵ 

վֱңϾ̫үϵĻͳ죬һֱΪ̫үϰµģүԵ׷ָ븮İŪᲢۣ 

Ҳô£үۻˣæô 

㣬㣬ŲģңһֱİģֻǰΪϲˣţŲҶ⴦ģǣɲ룬ȴүͯңҴҪһһģҪүԵȫǡ 

ЦүϵģΪү᲻Ź㣬׷أ 

Ĭ˰ŵͬɣ 

ЦаһôֻһۣͿóûôϲ㣡 

ʮֿգᰮҵģ 

ҵҰ취㣬ҵȵľգûʲôѹҲúΪ 

ʲô취ҵʮֻɡ 

ףİ㣬ҵȫߵǰⷽҺеģҸսүǶƴӣҷ 

Ʋ 

תߵ󣬡ܻأҲˣж鷳ֲṦ򣬺ΣյģҪҲŲȫءϾѾˡû˵Űм֮ģ 

ƵҲסˣǣǵʲôΪʲôһ˵˵ã 

һЦҲûʲôˡ 

㣬˵Ҫȫģ 

ֻҪӦңҾͳȫ㲻ԿҶֻģүôãôʧȥأԳȫǲ⣡ 

һҧãҶ㣬㣬Ҫسŵ 

ҸҪģ 

ԵʰֵһСӸǰһЦСӣ˵˵˭ҵģ 

һŤͷһ 

ŵһƫֱϣĽֻ֣ҼװԾѽԲסҵ̫СһʱûסҪǸĽǿɲˡƫת׼Ŀ£ŽеЩòסˣ˵Щ 

ɫ䣬˵ݷүȥẦģ 

𵶣Цô˵Ҫ˵ˡõŰôҶȥġǻȥɡ˵ˣԵŰݷãҶݷүĻѾءӵǵİ󸿣λȻȥɣ 

ƾȵҪߣ 

ʲôأҳƵ߰ɡͷ죬ҳȥ£ 

ͷ󣬲̫Ը 

 

ҵһҪȥĵطǰͽݸĳ¸ 

Ҳϵ·Ҫɸƴ·һ·ϣһֱ㣬Ҫ˵լӣûʮҲаˡȴòӦǸ·ֺģ˵ǵ˭ҲŵģǸ˰ݸߣҪԸô౳оŸԴҲʹôõİ취Ҹǿͷǹҧ 

¸ǰˡЦЩԲסˣξһغ꣬Ϊֻɣ 

ȼľȻǴţʩ󣬲̧ͷ۽ֱҡ 

ԲƽϣүˣϺ꣬Լȳôţ̽һ· 

棬ҾͲ¿żɽүС˳ɴǹղнգʤл 

ǳү̫ȷҵ壬ЦСӣԼĸ֣ҲǣҲǡ 

΢΢һЦү㲻Ҫᣬһġ 

ǳүһ㶣˵ֻҳԵ 

ЦҲʲô£ֻҲ֪ݸ¶ˣһСʵڲָֻţ¶Ҳ㡣ҪǳүܰҼʹˣǰҲ׵öࡣ˵ЩǸȥˣҿ˾ǲ˳ۣҪ˳ү飬ֻҪڽ򼸸ˣСҲųүġ 

үһ·ͷֵúӶˣСӣǶл̧ĺ£ûĶܵõĵȥҼģҲա 

ҵͷǹҲԼˣղֻҲö˵ֻҪһôԲǳ¸Խǳ¸Ͻ־͸߸̧ͷ߰ɣ 

ˣڳ¸ʮʮŮ˶ʮˣƺƵݸ 

ڿʼݸҵˣҪúʰЩˣͰǼ 


29С 

ٻصʱѾѷɨɾˣҿһ£⣬ҶˣŮ˻ǲҪ̫ޣҰǶʮ˰լһߵĲңٸŻƣæһ죬Ҳеˡڴϣǰ͸ơһһǰҲ˵Ҳҡǿ䣬һ£ͽȥϢ¸ 

û뵽һ˰ţЩ֪룬ǹԹԵĳȥˡҳߵſڣûԶʱһһ䣺ƣ 

ľˣģֻҪʣǸǺظģһֱںɵ׷׷ϵģǺܻԼĵˣһֱԼλöڸ߸ߵϷǸҲûϣģҲڷȻΪ飬žпܻϲƵģŶԸԱ˲ͬ͹ˣҪԸƱ¶ļõҩҲûЧġȻҿſڴһ 

˵͸ư䣬ʵֻϣҲǺģƾȻûҵ˼һ㶣͵㣬Ҫʲô 

 

ˣȻҵԤЧǣһҲЧΪƶסˡ 

ЦүҪһŻ۵࡭ 

ǵͨ죬Ҫܾȴһס죬⿴һۣѾԶˣſЦƣҪҪһӾ˳ҵ±Ϊʲôһ£ұ֤ģ 

㣬㣬֪㵽״ʲô⣡ŭңȴȥ׷ 

סҪȥҪһʱٳȥҲҪȥһӣ㻹Ҫ䵭Щʱҵĺã˵ʲôҲԽԽúЦˣӣҪֵĶҺЩʱʱһ£ʲôʱ˵ˣʱʹ󹦸ˣ 

Ȼ⣬ǱţҲû취ôأ 

Ҳ˵ôҵѽҰɣſϣ˸ƣָָ˵˶õģ 

ڿں«ҰֱߣԴҾûкúϴһůûһȫĦ˰ܣºˣǸֱӣȴʮָΣҪõıԶҲõĻ 

Ժ˯ˣһôۣããһƬʲôҲôҵֺסһں˵С˼Ϊʲô֣ҾŬǣΪʲôǲ֣һֻȴһסǸҲں˵ĪĪ첻֣ΪʲôҾںÿ֣ʵڲף˫֣˵ҲףΪʲôҲ֣һֱΪǿֵġ֣֣֡ұϴˣסĪĪֻ֣˭ǰ˼ôʱôѾÿô㲻ٻô 

һֻḧҵѹţҵץһֻ֣ҵʪġ 

ƹڵϡ 

ݣүл˵ȥˡ 

ͷš 

ô⣬ۻЩãͻסҵڴš 

Ұѽ£ȫ 

ú棬֮Щݷɣǹ󵨣Ҷ֡ұģҪӦһ£ҪȻ֪ҵ 

ҰͷĻҲϲЩˣߣòã 

ЦԻһֱ̫æˡҲûʱЩ£㲻ϲǾ͸ߺˡҪĸߣǸλϺĻ˷ʮֺ㣬İȫвҲʲô⡣ 

ҽӿڣû󰭵ģ͸ңӦû°ɡ 

ҡͷǵֶԸͨûģ¶Է֣̫Σգ㻹ҪСģٹ죬Ҹ㡭⼸죬㻹Ǳǵˣ㲻˶ʮ˻ôɱɱǵˡ 

Щйұúúõģǲܶ˵ĻʲôҲˡ 

һû˵ɫѾֳˣˣ΢΢һЦֻҪǸϳȥݸ⣬˭ҲĻҪǣҲû˹ܵأһô 

һȻˡſϺݺݵһ¡§ڴϡ 

ҿÿЦ΢ЦӡҵĴӡ 

ûоĻˡ 


30ˡ 

콥ҺһᣬͻȻʲôƵǰڴţ˸Ѱſֻһ 

ҵģ 

ԶųʱϴǮǲ٣ǲûʲôΨһӣΪҺ;˹ʱһֻ˼Ҳ᲻ö뵽ѾѾø˰˼ôֻµҲǺõģŴ˳ٺұү׽סˣʮ԰ˣֻҵǮܣСҲûġǺ˵ȦףѾˣǶһƬҶӣȻȺɽˡֻҲˣû뵽ʱó 

һ˴ܹȥҵģӱϵҶһϵãʱһҾһλʱ͸ҵġΪϲ˰ǶȱˣϵĻƹ죬ֻжԲȦϸϸ룬һȥģȴһߣ濴Ҳӣʧãʶʮֿģ̲סססڵʣףôЩʱôúÿҵô㡭һû˵˾ڿˡ 

ЦҴᱧ𣬡ֻǽ׽˼ëҵģҼǵϼ㣬ȻģǾòˡУº´βҪ´ 

ùӣһĿȫû߼һӥδôë 

⣬ͨүϸ磬ȥأ 

ӦһңСͣԼԺòãһùȥӦһ¡ 

ҹɵͷסڵĶ̣ٺȵƣҹ˶Ӽ· 

԰ͳţۻʱǰͼ˵ҼǰʮֿӦùãǰȥλϣóҵĽӣһţǼȥݸе˶лҪ˵ 

Ҳ£еµģҵĽӷϣͺͼµ˸ɫհˡҶԳŵģŲˮȵ͸ʱʾվ࡭˲ԣȴҲֻɢɢվˣȺģЩ˽ľͶס͵۴ 

ٵһûˣͻǾһ£һ¸¼˼żٳȥģҴǶʮûм¼ڲģ˲඼ˡһ£ҵĶʮˣˣվʮˣټ͸ƣһӦ˰ʮˣ⻹ԺЩСģҲֻһ¶ѣѾôˣټ飬Ҳ룬ﵽڶ˴ûĻҿ֪ǹԷɻļһˣ͵Ū·ǡ 

û¿һۣ±߾ˣſʼ˵ҵȴ֤塣 

˵úãûɲɷԲǰЩӣҲڣûʲôýˣҾҪպǵǮ֧ÿÿ¼һǮӣƽ࣬ӽԺǵ÷³ʮҪҼ͵ˣᵳӯ˽ҲģҾͿǮӣƤԲǿݴȵˣҲûȤֻҪǹؾصģҲ޹鷳úõģҲʹ̧ͣۿǣûб飬ڿʼģģɨģŵģԺģִµģҶСС䶯ṫԭְλϵˣвְģСõģҲҲвҹܵģֻȥүҼˣͲȥ״ 

²룬΢΢һЦҲҪ̫ţֻҪǷЩƽôҲȥǵĲǡˣܳһȥ˷ɣҶˡҲҪСЩ˽ǵ͵ԣֵĳ֣عӣô˵ˣ͵͵ģңȥȥҵͷҲɢ˰ɣƽҪģԺͲҪ鷳үˣֱңУ쿪ʼݸģҪǼᣬм³ȥҪ٣˽³ɵģһɶʮӣ 

о仰˵úãҲ¶ˣһ׶û˲£ҵĺǱǵģ˵ļƣԱҲ̷ңЦöӶʹˣޱ߳ȥ͸ҡ˴һᣬҲЦΣ 

һôһ˵һ㶣㣬ֻװô 

ôʧôҪƽôƼҶףæվعӣǸ˼ֻ˵ƽʱҲװú񡭡 

Ҿܾٺ۶⣬뵽ҪøƺһģڸΪ˵ûɲվм䣬һЦҪڷȥ˵һ 

ӦҾֶԸơ͡˵үˣ˯ɣҲ֪һˣ˯š 

ϣһûվסЩˤ 

æҪȥһס첲ݺšһѣȻطɣһ£ҳԵ㷹ٰҰЩӣҵһֱúܣ֪Ϊʲô 

䳰Ȱɣ 

²ȻԼԼ֪ҵģ 

ȴЦģѽˡ 



31ҪҸ 

ҲҴһҪôŸˣҼ˵ı»㲻ѾܹԺҶЩ˵ҲԼӡͺðˣҰЩӻģ̨ģȫᵽլͬһģȫңŸǼĻҸɴլȥЩСġǿôƫҪȥȫǲҵģҲҪΪ䲻ǴȵˣҲر֮ͽΪʮʿȣֻΣ⻷ңÿˣһÿ;ú񱻰·ѿҵȥլһ۲ΪǼϸģ̫ܲѿŪ̫Ѱ졭 

Ҵӳ¸ˣʮףʮ͸ҾͰլΪҵİȫҹҲִУʮŮͣͷɢڸˣٸһЩʵȨ˵Ĵ嶯Ҿͻ˽⣬ԷʱʱȫȨա 

ڼҹ棬ҴСʮȻȫǴҲˣ֮ҲֻԺٲˣ¶ҪһдҵȻԿֻͰ͵ѱг룬ֻһأҾ͹ȥ 

ЩСˣҲ벻ҪôԴǣʵҶҲûʲôƫ˲׽ǣԴ׵ĽڶûСֻҪǹԹԵģңҾֻõǲˣû¾ͳȥ͵˵ϰһҪĵģȻһ죬ĸŮ˱źҪѣҪʵֻ͵˵ãٲǰһô鷳ôһݸĴС飬ͲҷЩѾͷֻǾͻȫɢȥ෹ĿθС㡭ݸûܣҲˣǶ£ܣҪԱɣߵΣԽԽá 

һ˳Թһ̧ͷͼƵųݲܺͬϯԷҪһºһԣԭԲΪûгԷô򵥣Ȼ֪ΪԸղ˷پһ۶ûп 

Ұ뵽ļҹ˵Ҫдҿһ£ȥд󣬸ƵһֱûܲҿţЦȴװ 

ڣ˵ˣعӣ㣬Ҫ׷ôôãһֱڹأңʱֻһġ 

ЦˣϹʲôѽôôῴ㣿ֻܿǸС׳նѡʲôʱҶ㶯ֶŹ 

ղš͡ƼҺݺݶ˵ˡ 

ʱãʵһ 

ƣֻҪ˵仰оͳУֻĽ͸ͶˣΪΪĹϵһЩ岻үʮĵģҳүھ㣬ȻòףܹҵĶȥүǶ״һֻۣҪʱֳûֻģͻΪòƽֻҪһΪ磬¶ͳ߷֣ʱټӵͣ¶ͳˡ 

¶ŵı飬Ұ죬عӣ㣬ǣǣǼ黬ޱȣҪ룬ȥү״ֵΣ 

⻰ǲܶԸƽģгӣİɣɰڴһ٣ңͱ£һҵǲ 

ҲǽŽɣǹԹԵͷġ 

ҹˣЩһ£ҪˣԸȥϸһ£ʲôʱɢȥˡҲžЩ⣬ʱдҿҿһ£ûг룬ϣ˸ƣȥ˯ˣЩԥһҧˣư̺ôЩ޴룬ſڴϣָָٰҰһ°ɣ˯ˣٻȥ˯ɣ 

ҳ˯ȥоϣŵ뿪ˣƺһˣҵıԺҪۣȴ־ϵζʮϤģұаģȥϣ˭أʱ޷˼롭һҹûлʱֻԼſڴᣬֻе㣬Ҳզҹģֻҵζѡ 

ڻĲٴظһ飬û˳ԣٰѼҹ湫һ£ʮˢˢվţû˷ԣȻû˷ԣǾͿʼʵʩѶ˰ʱĻɢˡ 

һֹӣҼһһģʾҵ֮ĲȻ̲סˡ 

һֱͷӿңţعӣңо仰֪ 

ףʲô£˵˵ 

عӣ㱾үŵˣүôá㣬ΪʲôҪҪԲү¡ 

ЦүҺãҵȻ֪ǣҲˣôæʱһǺܼįġ 

㣬㣬Ϊع㼴ȻүˣӦΪүؽģңңҪôү 

ҼԽԽʲ⣬ԽԽģ㲻ҪүˡҲֻǺ͸ģҵû뵽İҡǴΪһᰮǣôȵү 

Ұعӣңһֱо֮Ϊ˾ӣ㣬㣬ңҡ 

Ц뵽ĶȥˣҵȻ˾ӣ˵ƺɫģҲ˵ûйϵģôڻˣ̰죬ҲԣҲҪʲôã㲻ҲүôѵûԲү£ 

סˣңңǵģֻǣү㣬ôֻ͸ģǸˣһͻҪ̫ˡ 

Ұڰ֣ʲôģҵίô 

ٴǺˣǵģս˫ȭ㣬ʲôҲǸǼģֻҪãþȫãֻڰ㣬þ㣬Ųֻֻ̰һʱˣ㣬ֻƵĹߣȫģ㿪ģǣǣô죬İô졭ؿˣô졭 

Ʋ֪ʲôʱˣվ˶ɵˣ㣬ΪƽôڹôΪҿô 

ͷӣͻ֣ˣˣˣû¿ʲôֻһһˣԼҪúÿΣ´ٱҿǲģ 

ƵҵĽǶȣ͵һɵĸƣվ˱ϣȴûж㿪Цˡ 

 

ҲܵõҸôñɡ 

Ҫ˵õҸô 


32˵ˡ ƪ 

һ꣬˼ʮꣻ 

һ꣬ʮꡣ 

Ϊһȫ˵ˡ 

 

ŵĳ˴Ͳ٣һΡڣʮλɱΧ£ΪһжˣŰͣƴȥҲҪɱһѪ·ѰѣԼ޷ҲҪŰͻš 

˱еĸѶԸֻһСģһѳͼᴩǰأܹȴûаȫһѪۣѪҺӿûʱΪСԥŶֵĵ˲䣬һ˵һ̴ļֱ࣬䣬ʮΧźͷȥˣԮֻûٲĻٲ岻ȥˡ 

һĨӰƮݶˮᣬ鶯Ǿһμ͵ġӰӡӰӾֻ֣˵ĸûͬҲûֻаڿӰӺ󣬼˭Ҫæȥȥȥ 

ӰӺȫûȫΪǿٳһ·ܲ͸ǽڱɱһѪ·ӰȾѪİ£ȫµڡ 

ˣˣ嵲ڰǰϺߡѾ׺ۣиˣｻҺӰӡ 

ҪһߣǶҪˣҲߣҲҪһ𣡡ͶȻܾӰɱĵ·ֱϣ˫ɱۣû·ˣһ 

Ҫôһҧϵ 

 

ˣԮˣͳһն䣬һɱҲն׼һʤˣʤĲҡ 

£̱ڵأ·ˣҲͬƴġ 

ûע⵽ӰѾȻˣ̰죬ǵϻѪôͻͲֹ 

󡭡ͻȻ壬ôˣͷѪ 

ҪͷҲѪ弸ҪŴˣҿһ£ˡ 

ͽŵֱҪң󣬿쿴û¡㲻Ҫ£һҪ¡ 

Ҫ˰ЦˣûµģڣͲ£㲻ҪģΪ㣬Ҳ¡ 

û˻µģһʹҧһ˿ڣˤϣͰԶҵİɣֻɣĻҾֻػˣҲãҲգǶҪˣƴҪҲǣôɲһˡȾһ¡ 

 

¹𨣬͵ǣϵ˿ڣ΢΢һüΪʲôûлŵϲã´⣬ҹˮһֻĸӹ¶վѾϣ塮һ·ˣᵽʲôطأŵլ֮ûûзɵĵط˳Сȥߵ·ƺֺͬ·ǰһˮҹ£һɫӰԺﴩЩٻ 

ڿ˺˶ˡ 

Ӧߣ˭ͬΪʲô˾вһʣΪʲôͬüۣȴԵô¶ŵĵ˿Ҳʹĳ嶯Ҳ˰ǰϱ鲼Ѫ˴Ŀģ˻ûеõô 

ӭǰȥιӰӣ 

˼һת˺㣬˭ 

Ǿ塭Ļ֮һҪƣȻΣաʲô֣ 

ңҽӰӡӰӳˮУҪ˵ңϲұ֪ҵˣûϵ 

ǵһμ棬ȴҲһ棬Ϊһжˡ 

 

׳꣬³ߣϲ˫ӣ˼ͣ¼ˣȥһӣ֤ΪԲο 

ż׼ 


33ռ 

ȥҲһҹδ飬£緹ҲûԣһȥûУһͷôڷתȥȥƵӣż˼ʮŤͷ̧ˡҪƽʱҶúöģڣҹûˡҽסƣүûлΪʲôȥҲ 

ƴûżֻðοңүǿִʲô£Ҫȥϸȥһ¡ 

ͷҲҪȥһȥ 

ſڣعӣҲһȥɣȥǿһ㡭 

ֱϸҵɫ֮뿪Ŷ׷ϣһΪʱѩµԭʣͨҸĲڣнٶȻҲͲֹۡ´ϵҲ̫ǿôĥĥ߳ûжԶͼզҹȥˣȵҡŻˣһָƾͳӭǰȥžžޣڵϣ˼ƣŵ򵹣Ҳ˴롣 

ƺȵȥүǷȥȾ£»صأҶط죡 

ˣ¸ƣסڵĽڶϸүˣ˵Żģүһٻ˭֪ȴҪȥȻƣǾȺȻٻͨ˭룬źž˻ˡдСİɡ 

ȻƣȻȥȻƣｹȴȥȻơԣǶϸȨ汸ʲôɫǶ뵽ȴҪӭȥŭϸҪ˵ĻˣΪʲôҪȥʲôƣڻ˵ 

˸Ӻ£С˵Ķģ˵զһСģӿĺܣû̺ãܽӿͣȥҾȥˡ 

ҧããҶڼﲻܣȴȥʲôСġˣͳˣҧߣǻظүֹˣȻͻˡ 

ҵתͷؾߣԽԽʲСĿˣѵҾͲôҧҧ춼ˣĶҲҪȥӡ 

͸ƼɫȰңָָǰһٵͷҲȥⳡӣֶˣ 

ǰ泾һӭۼ⣬ͺүǡ 

μҲεôñֱڴУǰƥ٣һ󺺽еʲôˣϹۣҵҶϵ·ڿòͱƮƮˡ 

ߵľ˿̣Цҡ 

ڣҵȻᷢסȣүֿϱСô㶼Ҫô 

ϲˮүǴҳ˵ŵǸعôȻʲôʱᷳˣʱֵܰɣ 

΢΢һЦ˵ЦˣʲôʱҲô˵ˣϲҸЩһ죬Ҳˣȱٹܽأ 

ЦĻͻȻе㰲ģõ˵ĲסڵĿޣȵռ˵ǻؼҰɡ 

ʶȤˣֻˣ·ŭ㣬㱳ңȥֵطҵȦֺˣһ£ĵ㣬ȴһ˷ҪˣǸûôСĸôҵҪʲô̶ȣ˵žҪ 

ȴһѱסˣͷҵľѴ͵ЦСͣڳԴô 

ڳԴףôأҪӱܻѽҲҪȥǸСģҲҪȥμˣеҲãŮҲãһҪȥ 

͸ƼֱҪɵˣ˶Ĳ˵µĿ 

ΣҪȥôȥˡ 

ˣͲǿӲһô 

Ϊʲôֻһбۿ˵ģǸСôÿô 

ҵĿ˸΢΢ǣǣɫǣ 

ѽٴη쭣㣬㡭Ҫȥɱ 

ЦˣڻЦˣŶһǣԲ㵣ˣû´ˡǻȥɣξҰɡ 

Сġ 

ҡͷûСĶΪ˷ݷǱߵ˲˵ģֻǴҼһЩ¶ȻĻҲûнڴһ룡ϯϣ˶û취̸ġ 

ģҸᣬֻǵ㣬û֬ζðɣΣҾ㡭 

ôҳ˸ڣǾͻȥɣ 


34һЦ 

ȵϣϵ㣬ĵģҿϣڻͻȻԼһҸ 

һңô磬ӦûûгԶɣ 

ţûгԣֻæ㡭СԹ 

ͷԶǵ¥̻㲻ҪҪȥ 

гԵģҿͻͷ°ͣðҪԣĺܺóô 

ЦãСʱǳȥԵġֻǣ֪ôˡ 

Ҷʱ˾񣬡ǿȥɣ 

 

ֻ֣һΪ¥һҾƼңȿʱҲһԭ¥һջԷĵطֻһֵƹ񿴵ˣЦһ仨үݱʲôˣʲô㣬 

ǣȥιϣһſλ͸ݲͬͬϯ˱ϵһˣҼ˲ˣ˶е㲻˼ƫͷֻ⡭ 

·ϵ˽ÿ˶ææµµԼ£·ϱܣŮ߽ҪĻҿİĽֵǼλĸ׵Ķ̣Ȼһ㡭¶ 

ˣҷҵ֣ĵʣôô 

ǵġһعͷеۣңֻЩҡ 

ٵȵȡҾȥɫСͣ㲻ˣԲ𡭡 

ҲûвҡͷֻǣֻһѹҪһ죬˲ܱԭµ¡ô᲻ԭң 

ܱԭ£΢΢üСͣ£ǲ˶˵ʲôˣʲô²ܶ˵ôܱԭµ£ͳɳƣܱԭµӦǡ 

Сһ·Сԣڵ̰ұˣ϶֣óԣѽЩ̵סͷûӣһӵ˶ڿңҵڵľͺûҪ˳ԶҪŮѽзһ˵ģĪĪ 

˵ԣС̣㿴㣬һû˵ء 

һǣƥȥ߹ĴڣһۣͨѩףųڴСϵëѩѩ£Ҿѩ¡ 

Ҳˣһ֣æͣæ񣬡үС£ 

ͷ˭ģ 

ǻƼæش𣺡үλ˵ģҪÿ綼ҪȥȽţСǸ 

ҳһסôס˶ˣ 

ǻƼҾе㷢ˣͰ͵סģˡ 

ڣ˻ڵôҵĻû˵꣬Ҿ֪ûҪˡ 

Ե߳һһߵǸ°ͦΣһǽ๫Ӻͱҽŵһץסӣ๫Ѿˡ 

һЦӭλӣҵĳô 

үҲ񣬡£ݹӹȻͬ룬ֻһ۾Ϳµˡ 

ı飬Ƶ壬๫˵ЦˣŹӥϧһֱû档μȻˣ絽¼Σ 

ǽ๫ҲǸЦ𣬡µһֱ뵽ϰݷãֻһֱûˡ 

Ҽһһ˵ȫûٳ⣬ǿ򱦶Ĵۿңˮ볡 

һжûҡ 

ɿס֣򱦶ȥǺذʲô֣ 

һ죬ˮңҽб 

úõģʲôȥˮ๫һŤͷװû 

һͷȥٿ 

ˣ๫Ӷˣǰס๫ӵ½ǣ๫ӳ̾һݹӣ¾߶ˡ 

ָϵʱҪҪЩߣͷ£໥໥һЦ 

һЦ˵ľģ 

35ټ 

صصʱҼֱҪĵķˣ·ϣһ̫¶ȵһլԺӣҾȫǶȥģҲ͸ñƽʱһ۾ס壬ѽ˵ڴϣұסͷ⼸úòã 

Ľңͣͣ 

̧ͷȦҲǺģǿЦţñҶûټ㡭 

ͣҲ㣬Ҹү˵£ү˵ΪҺãٶˡͣԺ󣬽ү׽ˡԲ𡭡 

õǸˣһҪллأҪ㣬ҿǸүˣ 

磬үǺˣͣ㲻Ҫ 

ôҲѹˣЦôҲӥˣΪʲôģ 

ҡͷҲ֪үʲôġ 

ʲôҪӥңһ£⼸죬ǶȥĶˣ 

ҡͷǽүȥҵģһڵ 

Ҳǲ֪ģҲȥˣֻкذ㲻Ҫдˣû֪ҵݡҲñ˵ȥУϵõģ˺ܺãҪǲˣסؿջ˰ɣ 

ͷãȥͽү˵סˡ 

ҵѾͷűٺ֮󣬲ֺͱص໹ȥģһطҪ˱ȥߡ 

ҪģǵʱǸ¥ 

Ȼ۾ 

ȻҪױͲҪģ˱۾һڣеʥأƬ 

ȫˣƬƬ˳ӿͷ׶ҩܰڿɢħƵ˵ĽƽСĵĸÿһƬҶÿһǣĻ֦ڻӳϷ·ҪγˮãĵૣǣĶ 

վڻ߿űһĻ͵ľˣǻ֮Զĸô֣ȫΪǷģһĻ 

ǻУǵأȫ䲻ȴ˾ȫģǻղҼҵĵʲôֱʣǣԼģ 

Ҵԭأû취˼ΪʲôҪǻѾɿˣҵʱСʲôҲͿˣǻҵӡȴҲûбĥҵǱʶǼǵģǣΪʲô벻ΪʲôҪǻأʱʱ軹˵һ仰˵ʲôΪʲôȫ벻 

ʹսȭͷô£⵽ô£ֻֻɻҲôǣǣΪʲôΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪôأ 

ҺҵʲôȴȫûҺǱڶں˵ССʯͷȫĵԵĺڰʱھУͣôˣ 

ҵǰһƬ磬ֻһ˿㣬˺þãƺԶԶһ⣬ǰȥȫƮƮġҺصСʱҼڿǷǻҹߺܺãڻϣƬҡЦţ˵ʲô˵ţ˵ţ̧ͷԶԶտȥ˳Ŀ̧ͷȥתۼ䣬һƬ費ˣˣҲ裬裬ǻǻҪ˵ʲôҪҿʲôµغڰУҿ裬衭 

 

ҵֱһֻץסұһůĻһ͵͵ĽңСͣСͣôˣѡ 

һۣ衭衭 

ȴıҴûİˣұøˣǽֵ 


36Ӣ 

ĪĸоĪĸеˡҲʱһ㣬޷ͻ 

ǶҺõģǣݺãϣȴΪҶʩġҵɵĿ⣬һű˵ϲŭʹ塭 

ҽƬҵĸݼֵģϲһֻ 

ҽ⻰ʱ۾ȴңǽ 

һ㱼ˣݼͬʱ˼ʱҾһǽ 

 

ҾҪضˣļλҪУҪͱֿоͲ岻ʹҪ͵ʲôǣûУ˺þãž͸ΨһӵеĶҲΨһӵĶҪǲҪĶ͸ͺҶףҲ䵭ˡ 

Ұ͸ʱҲڳԵҰӵݸʱŲҲģ֮ǿڳΪһ춥͵³Ĳ裬ҵĿ 

֣ջأЦ˵ԲסЦˣȷϲĶУȻϵȣɺôҲǿ䣬Ҳֵӵġ 

ȶˣǣȣĶõģ 

ġС۲ҵۣܣȣ򲻵ģ 

ֶѽҲͨѽ 

˵ǣƬҶӣڲˣҿһ£ 

ҹԹԵݹȥֻһۣȷˣҵģ 

%%*аȴЦ˭ڣҲţǸ͸˱ģ 

Ȿҵģҵģ 

ҵҲˣǼҵģǣǻҲɴҵˣлǮҪ𣿡 

൹ûкҳȻƽҽҶӲӻģ 

ֻǺÿôûػ 

̾˿ǵҲǣлõģ൱ӢֻҪҶӵ˾ҵĶˣҪҾҪΪµģ 

ֶҲҵţ̫ô 

ҡͷǵģʵʮ꣬Ҳֻһǰ͸˸ʱҸֽ˵ġ 

ЦǻСѽֻһƬӣ 

һҲӵ⣬õģӡ 

ӡæûԵߣ˰ӡʲôˣҵȷƥģҳԾô˵Ǹˣ 

ʲô档 

ҾͰΪβҶӵ¶˵һ¡˵ͷӦ˰ɣϧûҡʧˣ 

û뵽һƬҶôӣͰһȥľͻɣ 

࣬סˣſңûôӢѽҪҪΪ£ҶΥģ 

ҪʲôأЦˣҪģԶܸңҪʲôãȻǼҵĶջȥɣ 

࿴ңһμңЦ˵Ҳ֪˵ˣֱ֤ˣҪЮ㡭ôô֮ܳΣأ 

һֱĶҪң 

ҾҪضˣúչ˱ɡ 

ҵϣصĿͣɲҿңң뿪㣬ͺ㡭 

ֺγ뱦أҵ׵ܵһҺ޲þȫҵȫǣһҪ죬ҪȥҾ壬Ҫĵ£Ҫ߾壬жమҡ 

һعӣүȥ 

ҿһɫˣǼλ䣬ʱæģӦм°ɡӦһıļ磬ᣬ˵һ仰Ц߳š 

ʱҲû뵽߳ⷿţҲûлԶڱʧˣұԼǼ油һġ 


37ݷɡ 

üʱһ·зңˣҹȥҼܿģ߹ȥϸԭ½Զһ·ңҲòϣõĶϺõ˿ָǶ·ЦСͣиҪȥμӣϴôģΣҪҪһȥأ 

ȻҪȥæͷĸأ 

·ҳһˮɫĺ峤ݸңϿֻеļλأҲ֪ʲô˲μӣ䶼ֵģ 

ȸԽ֣ùһ£о´ϸ 

ţãóһˮ°׵ı˿Сݸҡ 

ùٿҲÿһΡ 

ȥѡǼˮɫĳɼö̫࣬Ǻ۵ġ 

صصͷٴһ£ͬһȥģɲܶټһûв׺ƤһЦǲǺܺÿ 

ͬ⣬סҵ֣СܻͣвҹܵˣԣҪСӦԣ˵ʱҲҪġЦҪԼǺͬһƥ 

ȻͬˣҵļҲҳˣͬûô 

ҡͷЦֻС¡ 

ӥҲֻһڣϽֵĴҲָȻ˷ŵƽʣͷܶȥһҼ˶࣬е棬öˣصô 

߹ƻᣬȻ˶࣬ǻʱԸһյơ 

ţиж΢΢ͷΪʲôҪôã 

 

⣬ûлش𡭡 

ǵһ͵Ľһ߰˲¥ߡָҿǷӥˣΪʮָߴ󣬷ӥѶɣŽзӥġ 

ϿһҪ˵ǷӥѶȣЩţΰ׳ȴǱһϳ̣һ̾һ룬֮ϣƻͨξһ·нֻһ̻סְұһʱ֮䣬̻УһƬž 

ҸߵλȥĲ˷ʱͻȻˣһߴ˵ƾҲҷӥıݷɴ𲻴Ӧ 

ӭȥһݷʱ׼Ҫѿģ 

ݷһ½ʿǰһݷ࣬˫¶ҵĺ⡭ 

ҲãһҪгˣϸ֮£ȴǣ˱ȾҪ࣬ɫޱ飬ֻһ˫ۻЩɣ˿ȴɢһ֮ʶĽס֣ȴǺ˵üͷ΢΢һ塭 

ҵĶᣬȴݷɿʱɷֻ֮һۿȻȫĿˣĿͫײסֱһ㣬ıһĲҰףĴĲ·ҪһЩǣʲôҲû˵Ȼû˸ղ͵ӣü̲Ҫһˡ 

СĿ΢ЦţʲôҲûС 

ݷڿˣɬ·Ѿû·ǾǱ˵˵ģ㣬ֻҪλõô 

Цĩı䣬ͺӦ˶Ӧ֪𰸡 

ݷ˺һľȻãλãݷɲҪˣ 

ЦŨˣô˵ܹҵֳأ 

ݷɳ̾һٿң㣬Ҳʮ˰ɡпǶɡ 

ݷɾôˣͷҲûлأһ仰û˵ 

ҵͻȻЩգҲ֪ΪʲôоֻЩԾıﲻԣֻǣֻҶĸоЩԡΪʲôأΪݷǰ͵ľ˾ô֪ǵġ֪ΪݷɲǱҲǺͿݹκһ֣ҵĿԴ˵˻ŻֻһŻҪҪôƽϣЩƣ֪ɿҵ֡ǲңֻΪΪӥĺˣȨλôΪ˶룬ŻλôܵϷӥıĶôҪôȨҪô 

 


38衭 

ûʵ˽ղݷɵжջûɢÿ˶Ĭ˰ְλˡЩ˾Ϳʼң 

ҹţͷ΢ţҵע⡭ǣλӣСҲȻģ۾ңмĿ⣬ֱ˪ĵӺݺݹҵϡ ͷһĵģü΢΢΢ 

ԡңҶ˵С͡ӣͷĶǷҵĳϡҵ棬ȥݷɣẦ㣬Ա㡭 

ңݷΪʲôᱣңҡͷ㱣Ҿ͹ˣҲ뿪㡭ΣգôԹۡ 

һ£ḧҵǺðɣ㻹ɣһ˳ȥҲǲȫ 

ʱһ´󺺽㣡ԭ㣡ɱαľ㣡 

һһƷ棬ֻһӰ˼ʱ䶼ûУԭأһԭĺӰɳˤڵϡջ֣Ҽһ˿ѪϵĶִ̽𣬵ڵϣѩ޺ۼһֱ֪ö̽ġ 

ؿŵϵˣϣҪҵʲô 

ϣŴӵ𣬽кϱΣΪϱҲ 

ͷǵȷҪΪϱ𣬵ΪʲôҪҵ棿㹦ҲᣬѲɣҪ˵ȥɱˣ 

ŭ书ܣ죬Ǽλһͬȴβסһʱ£ҿˣ 

ҡͷܣ᲻书Լˣôȥɱϱ 

ʱһͷվЦүҪİɣ˵иĻָʹˣڵ֮أ 

ӵ˶ͷ˽Щ 

ҲٹԹˡ 

վܣȴҾһ£ź뱱˵ϣҵȷ书˼˵⣬ûԱϵ֤ݣ 

֪ȷûпˣΪд̵Ǹǰ˼ͬģԣһǼ˰˼ˣȻǰ˼ǾͲңԣֻҪ֤֤ĻҾǰȫģΪҵȷǲ书ġ 

ЦȻУ죬Ϊ˻סͷؿں账ƣʱոһ£ҵĺɳûû취ӡģҲ·ǿһ 

ҿһϱλõģҼڱ𴦰ôΪģҪ 

ҵµͷãҸǿ֤ңôǾͲΪүΪѣһͷһЦûµģֻǿһ¡ 

ߵУ־Ҫ·˭֪Ǳһ·߹ֱǰһֻ־һֻ֣á͡һ죬ҵ·ѳƬҵȫ¶ڿС 

Щ֪룬һҵ壬֬񡭡Ȼ֪ûǺӡģҵƺ̫ģֻ¶һƬˮͻȻеţæ·ȴƵ޷ϣǿǱɫ㶼ˣûкӡġ 

ʱһͷվðɣϲ˵ƴôһûӡǣһǻģ 

ˣֻһ㶣ֲ֪ôˣѲɣҪѿô 

һҿȻЦˡ 

֧򦣬ЦšҲֻǿʲôҿˡ 

Ҳôҧ¶塭ҪĻٹֵҪҲɣֻڿĻҾͻҸǳɡ 

ұ۾ͷôǿôôǳɹˣǣ⣬ǵĿģﵽô 

Ҽϵ·ѡ·ʱĿ龰ҵ᲻ȥЦݻϣ֣Ȼͷص˵Ĵҳֻ֣ƽڵĴͺŻա 

ҵĶૣСͣȻȥڷңҾͻ 

ұǵԣӦš 

ϣһǣЦȥɡ 

 

һһ˶ûУһĲᣬʲôأҪ·ԼµľôԼôѾˣǻʲôĵأһתһ£ȴҲĶңˣҲҲĶˣڷӥ·ˡ 

ڿĵطȻǲ·ģΪԲգԹһķӥÿ䷿ӿŶһת˼Ȧŷ֣Լԭֻصԭ 

ҶĿʼԹķߣΣΪ׼ԣֻһߣת䶼뿪һ࣬һ˺һᣬҲſǰ˵ܿͻլȥһһϹת 

ҿ첽ǰȥſڣʱ۲죬λĲԶһСţԽڿӦþһˡ 

Сƿţֻȷһ£ڲڡ 

ڵģֻһ۾ͿˣվڴУȻ΢΢Цš 

ȴڵأ޷ 

޷ţǰһ̻еһ̣Ѿ˼ 

ǵģڣڻŵģֻһˣվǶѪģʬм䣬пЦš 

ҵӹĶ䣬͵ĿңЦݾ͸ʯҷۣ˲߽⡭ 

ҾֵĲܳԣ㣬㣬㡭ɱǣΪΪʲôֻΪȨôֻǲ㣬ҪɱǣôҪô΢ô 

Ѿߵǰˣţǵģǵġ 

ҼҪ㣬㲻Ҫ 

ҰײҰ׵ģϥַأӽ𣬷ӥӶŵǲ 

ҪҲҪҲҪմѪȨҲҪⰹĵλϲԼŰɣϽеȴʮ־֣ӣȴȶˡ 

ı飬ͺ˴ӺͱһʵϣΪͱһҰ׵Īó죬ۡһѪ 

ҵײײվҲ˲ˣֱȥ 

 

һӰƮ⣬̾һǾôô 

̧ͷ˵ңұǻģǣǡôҲˣɣǣǾȻС͡ңңǲˡ 

ҡͷǵģûдֻ֪ʵ㡭 

С͡޳ףȥСͣһܵˣٳ£ңҶ֪Ҫôá 

ûµģӰҲˣѾȥˡοţûµģһжȥģһеһС 


39£ϣ 

Ҵûٵıܣʨ׷ϵѾֱ治ǰֻҪǰͺãܵļҪ³ҵĵ·Ҫըÿһ˺ѷεʹܵĺڰҪɣһСˤڵأ־ңźڰֹסĺŽСΪʲôΪʲô 

΢ĺҾͷȴʲôҲ˭˭Ҫ 

תһε̾ϢСͣ㣬 

ǰ˼ 

ڰУһ彫αڻ־ůҵǣǣɱôˡôˣˡ 

˼˱ˣСͣΪǲôģΪǱеȫµ˶ǣҲӦǡСͣһȥɣ 

ڵͷκζ뵽صʬȫãȻҪؼңҲȥ 

˼ĽңС͡ 

ҿҡͷǣǣҲǰ͡ 

˼̾˿ðɣС˼ 

 

ҵĴٴͣ٣Ҽǣǣ˭ǣʲô˼ʲôͣҲǣǡ 

˼ұøˣҲˣԲ𣬡磬Բ𣬡Բ𡭡 

һҹֻظһ仰ңһֱڿ 

 

ˣ˼ңһֱŵ̫ԸĳֻǽۻɫҲ޵ˣֻǺ۾ֻӡ޹ˣйˣҲſʼָǣҡҡҵİ˼ô 

š˼ԺӦš 

ң˵һҲ֪°ɣ󡭡 

˼ֱˣðɣ֪ʲôأ 

ʲôãֻҪҲ֪¡ġҵġġ 

˼һ£ͷã¶е㳤ֻһʱ꣬ҸطȥԵ㶫ɡ 

ҳĬ 

˼̾˿Ҳƭ㣬һΣֻҪ֪ʲôҶ㡭ôɣҪǲǶһһƧĵط 

ҿʼ˼ˣҴû뵽һᱻô˾ 

 

¶Ҫ200ǰʼ˵̫ôõģĴˣ˼ҪľǶŵĴˣ游٣Ӧǵ游ǣ밲 

ģ밲Ҳ˫ӣǣǸܣû֪ǵʱ֮ԲԸĶ˷أ˵ǵһеһжΪǬ 

ǬǬܣܰ˵Լϡû֪ôõģû֪仹ǬǣҲ޷뱯ҵˡ 

ٵȷǸĺˣڶԴԼܵʱҲûаĴԼΪһΣ꽫ȻԼʼһǬһ濪ضŵĲҵ 

ŵĲҵ׳󣬿ǣȴѾʼˣȵľʱǰóˣپһҹ԰ʩǬ 

ǣڶź¼ϼ¼Ĳȷֻ˵ƺɹˣΪΪζȥȻúûţ¼ᵽΣ䣬ԭֱ֮ʮʱʽ䲼һŵļҹ棺ӵܣ˫ӣֻɵһӻ 

˼ЦſңΪ˲ֻһҪǵʹƴţͲ᳤ôˡ 

һҲⰲٺ̫ͷˡǣȥ 

Դҹ涨֮󣬶ﾺûһӣһʱǵĸѾ̳˶ţŵķֲͬˡ 

һ·ˡ 

ӥҪźף 

ڸƽ̫ƽʢȻϲһϧǣʱӥ뵱ʱɱ޼ŹϵʮֽţҪ޷ҪΪһ֮ 

ǵĸײ̯ˮǷӥѾݼ͹ˣݼǸ׳̸һΣݼѵòֻҺͰ˼ͿԲµֹǾɫݡ¾ڷӥļٺ´ˣǣݼȴҪΪ죬޹ĵ£ҵΨһĵܵܣǾ 

û֪ʲô£ĵһһ仰û˵ģϲŭͺһѾĿտǣǣǿտǣÿһӶʹڴϴǰŵ˶Ҫһֶֻʩŵ˲ſԽĶŶ˼ȻѾˣôΪ⣿ǣһ꣬ҪǺʦʹ໹ȥ 

˼ٴοңЩ˵ģʱʱǲֻа`ֻ꣬а˾ĺôҵĶ 

Ϊʲô˭ΪʲôôѾ뵽˴𰸡 

˼ҡͷҲ֪ºأ£˵ô֪ 

˼ҵĻһʱ仹޷ǣУȴΪĲҶʹҲ˵ôѹ֪˵ʱȡǣҸɣҺȻҺ԰½ҺȻ뵽罦Ѫ۶ԺԵˡ 


40££ 

˼̾һϵĶ˭µģҲ֪ǣȴ֪һĲȴǷӥɵġ豾ǲŵġȻеĹؼһ벻ͨǣֻǵõ˵Ҫǽл̲ӥĻҪɱ֣һҪԡ룬ɱҲпǲ¶֮һĶԹһ˵ġ 

ĺԼԵټǿ˼ңǰͣ 

 

ңˣܲһУеĶԹƭޣɱΡ 

ֻڶһ˵ǹҵĴֻΪ˱˵ϲŭ֣ȴȫûҡÿ˶ңȴңȥҲᰮңôǸô죿ԼǵˣôǷĴڹ 

˼ȵ۾磬磬㶼ô㲻ǰˣϲסҵ֣ˡ̫ˣ̫ˣҾ룬ҪһӶ벻Ҿһӡڣˣ㲻ǰô 

ҡ֪ҲǰͣⲢģƶģֻǲڰ˼ķӦҴֲ 

һΣǴڵ磬廻ҡҡĺͣסˡҺ£һʡҵʱ룬ֻҪ㻹ţңԺʲôҪʲô㣬ҲˣֻĻǰ̫ˣΪǻҵһУԲһֱ϶ãĴڸߴҡҵʱǶá̫˽ 

һ£еˣô£ңҰ廻㣿ô£ 

˼ҵϣ˫ֽסҵҵԱ磬Ǵԣ֪ĴѾ֪ˣͺҾҪȥҰһΣյ¡磬Բҵʱǹġ룬¶֪ˣͲңһҪȥ㣬ңҾãұˡǰ֪ܰңǣʱΪô嶯Ҿ͡Ҿ͸㡭 

һĻһŵʱҵ֣ģһҵֱܳʱǻΪ˵أĵģĿĺܹû취ΪİˣΪǰ˼ 

ôŰ˼Ļ˭ǰ˼أ 

˼ûоҵڼ˵ţҵʱ̫Сģûע⣬ѾǱšҺʱСˮŻᱻ׽סġ 

ˮˣ֮϶ǰͣΪҲӾǣǰҲѽǰ˼ӦǻӾġҲ˵ 

ҺһˣղҲ˵ѽԱ˵Ҳ췽ҹ̷ǣҲһô 

峺ģһһ㣬ǰ˼壬͵꣬ô 

磿ֱ壬С޵úģãĴˮƣȫˣ 

ûҸͲ֪ʲô¡ֻҡͷҪôƺأ˼򰲺ͣ 

ЦˣЦݸ޶ˣ磬ʲôãֻϲţԽҵܵܡ 

ܵܡ 

磬ĿϣһֱΪֻҪҰҵһж㣬ͻ֡ҲΪҿԸҵһУȨƸ˵Ĺذб֯ü䡭ҪȫģҿӰӣ㣬㣬㵱һǣǣһ㵱ΪһУңȫû취󡭡ÿ뵽ЦݲΪҶҲңҾʹҪˡһûһû취һж㡭Ĳ֣Ϊҡʱǵʱ㡭 

û취˼һĹ£ҲǣֻǴҸˣΪǰˣڱ˵Ĺôǡ⣬ҵĹ¡ǣΪʲôԼˣôȡһ˸еꡭֻŶԲλ࡭˼Ǹ߸ϵʥʹֻǳųĸӰˡҺǺЦԼöޡ 

ңҲǰ˼ 

 

Ƕò 
ݺÿκ 
İ 
Եûз 
 

˭˭ĵ 
˭Ϊ˭ 
˭Ψһ˭ 
˺۵ 
Ѳϻʲô 


41ɡ 

˵Ҳǰ˼ 

˵ʱ򣬰ͣΪ׼û⡭ 

˵˼˵Ѿˡ 

˵ʱ򣬰Ŵʮֲ⡭ 

Ҽ˵˵Ҳʮֲ̣ǣû취ȥˣֻһƮλꡭռ塭 

͵ĴԻϴתġ 

˵ģ 

֪ 

Ҳ֪Ҿôġ 

ҲƭȥԽǽӴľˣҾԽԼҾҪʧԼˣ磬ҵԼڹ֤ݡ 

͵ȭͷ߬ţֻظһ仰ġġġ 

ҡͷʵ˼Ҳ˵ûΪҵ硭һһ˵㶮ô 

ɳɤӣġġ 

˵ʵҵҪõö࣬Ƽ䷢ôĻսȻǹ壬ҲȶҲƽȡҵҲгԣкȣңҲû˻ɱˣôѪ⡭ 

͵۾ѪɫĹ⣬ֻҪɱ㣬ͻɣ 

̾ǲ˰ɣʵҲȥأǬǰ˼ǲˣԣɱңҲûõġ 

ȻأΪʲôΪʲô粻ϻô 

֪Ųп£ҷʹͣô˵ӶҵĺãԶ޷ĥġǣٴ˵Ҳǰ˼ʱҵǰδеƽһֱһӶˣȫûоҲＫطɡƽ޷ĺ桭 

ңǿμ֣ܿ˵ܿ֡վһƬ޾У˵Ŀ֡ 

ͣҵҲ㣬ƴ׷ҵĿ֡ 

𰲺ͣҪѹˣĸֻǵһԶĵطҸҪĲҸôôڣΪʲôôءܾãйģȻΪʲôҸءм£ٶ˵ҵҲ³ߵġУҵĪĪ 

ĪĪüŬţĪĪΪʲôôϤĪĪ 

ԣ˵ģСʱͿԻͨҲǰҲʶġ£ҲǽԵֻҪڵ֮ҲǼԨԴġ 

ƽˣңǸ磬ģ 

ǸôӦûɡӦһ޷أȫͬڵĿƼҾɡ㣬ʲôǷɻʲôԴʲôǻ 

 

з紵;һסҵ죬һƣ΢ͷɻķſ֣ȴȥ 

ͻȻȥֻ죬˲ҽˤڵأŽңûˣһ£ˣϲϵã 

ҪߣȴӲͣסˡ˵һҪɱôҳˣһɱǰɣ 

ֻ̾ˣ񡭡ðɣٳɡ 

һʱҲʲô͵ͷϣϵҵ¡һ᲻˺һ£ֻס߳ 

ˣһһʶģϻݷ׽ҵˡҳŰ͵ͷ֤ʶϵĳ 

ϸɤӣһЦǺôĵӣʲôطҲҴҪôô 

һֱŰͣĿ¶ɻ󡭡عӣ㣬ǻ书ģ 

Цʲô£ 

סĿͷ򰲺͵عӣϴүǵˣΣǼүعլأҪС̸ 

ͺһãҾͷһ·ǻȥǵ˵Ҫ£ȥĶ첻 

˲סͷŲ· 

ңǵ˭ 

ժЦ˾ˣݷɣ 

ҡͷǵľ˾ˣӽǰ˼ˡ 

Ҳǣ㻹ô 

㲻ǣǣһ㣬;ǰ˼Ҳ˵ΪʲôҲ˵öԣ֮ʲôȻϵԣ㻹˼ɡ 

Ҳ˼ˣҽĪĪֻҪɡܹңô͸Ұɡֻǰ˼ǡ㲻ҪģֻҪվӣͿԿõﻹߣ 

Цˣ޺ΪһһźһģһƯôΪһұ紵ɹôɣһӣˡΪҲˡ 

 

ǵ˵Ϊ 
ҪӮȫ 
ȴҺ 
һȦ 
Ҷûз 
΢Ц 
ֻ 
ĬĬ 
Ϊʲô˵ 
Ӧû˽ 
ǲԵֱ 
ʱ 
֤һ 
ȴ޷дί 
˭ܹ˽ 
Բڲ˵ 
Ұ 
Ѿ 
Բ 
ڲ˵Ұ 
ϣһü 
oh 
Բ⼸ 
˽һ 
˺ȴ˱Ǹ 
ʵʱ 
ʲôۻ 
ĸֱ 
Բ 
˵һ 
Ұ 
Ѿ 
Բ 
ڲ˵Ұ 
ϣһü 
ԲһԶ 
Բ 
˵һ 
Ұ 
дҲ 
Բ 
ڲ˵Ұ 
ϣһü 
˵ 
 
ڲ˵Ұ㡷 


42λ䡭 

Ҳƺ˲صĴ¡ 

ҵõϿɣȴʧȥɡ 

Ц㻹԰˼һʱһ㲻ٿ࣡ 

ߣͲмĿңһֻ߰Ĺôܺ͸ȡ 

߽пʼ·Żһɴң촩ϣԺҪңһ뿪ûҵҲ˵ 

ҺǺЦˣΪʲôΪһĻҼȻʲô˵ˣȻͲɱңĶôţΪһжģ 

Ҳʡ͵ĵƣҲѧҵӺǺЦ㲻ҵûϵˣҾȥɵˣûɢó 

ðɣһɵ˵ģҹ;ú󱳱 

·ʼҵĴôҾðڶݺݵؿҵʱҲġ 

ҲǾį˰ɣһǻᱻµϮ˵ˣҲΪ¼įɡĪĪįһֱһˡᱻеаĺŵˡֻ֤ĪĪˣǴŵİɡ 

Ҵ·סͷߵǰȻأʲôأ 

ͣϸһ£ҵ߳ȥ죬ļλ䣬զô£֪컹ܲճСȥһ£ĻӦÿҪʼˡ 

ĬˣҪȥôңû׼ 

ͼҲ֪һΪզԥЦңֻˣµӣĺˣһ£ңӦ㲻Ҫ˵ͺˡ 

ҿЦͣʵ밲οҵİɡ 

ߡٱӺһ£͵һߣ 

 

ȻЩֶεģɱ¾ûӰļλСӵϽͷظ裬ԱǶαҳϡ 

㣬ҪʲôȥأСѰ͡ 

ֵĿһۣǶŵҪΪӥαأʲôף 

ûʲôףǣŵǰӥ谮СšƤⲻһЦʲô֤Ƕŵ 

һۣŵûϵ׺;Ͼ͹ˡ 

棿ŵò壬˵׺;ڷӥ 

ֿңʲôֵģ̳зӥô£һôæùҵȻҪҪǾ嵽ݷɸӦϸӦô֪ǵĲȷˡҪҪضţҲġҪǼǹ㡭㡭ΪʲôǸأ 

ҵͷһըˣ澹ȻڷӥȻݷɸӦ֪֪һʼͻȥݷɸİɣңѽҶŰڨЦţҲ磬㣬Բ𣡡 

Ѿָ侲˼һҡͷãڲܽдռλǻЩеҪҪǱ¶ʱ򡭡ǣȥɣ 

ٴεתͷֱӥȥһ·ϣ糱ˮĥ磬Ǳ˳ǰ᲻Լƿط 

ӥ¿ư磬ֺ꣬㳡Ϻձ̵أĴʻʢ㳡ǰڷһž͵ĿΡ棬ķĳءԶԶţɫ԰ףޱ顭ȫûгΪϲá 

ҵģһ 

ǰȷҵĲͷôˣôôһֱڷûҵ㲻ģװͰ͵ĿңҲҵ壬Ҹ罫Ҫõĵı塭 

ҿЦֻǰ㿴Ŀ˰ˡһСĿܵģ 

ΪʲôҪһֱЦѲһӵרñô 

λָһ£Ҫȥô 

͵ͷȻѽֽУǸˡˣЩ£ԭ 

ִ᷸ 

ҲˣҲҪ 

ҵһ˵໰͵õ˱Ӧ 

һӿңȻЦûϵˡȻе᲻ãǣһϲ 

ͷƤһ飬˵㲻Ҫ͸ɡ 

ʹͷ㻹Ǵûģ㣬һֱһˣҲܹµҪԱߣû¸ƶҲǺܲġ 

ҲҪôôھͲɵˣ 

Ц춼ϲˣûϵҿ㻹Ӻ鷳ͱģ㣬ҷİУǺǣ㲻ôԽҾԽģǣҿû취ʰ㣡ǿ̫⣬Ҳģ 

ЦˣҪѽЩʱ˵ĶǲҪģ 

ЦñҵһٱҵȻҪֻ㵽ʱҪ 

л˵ʲôһ˵λô 

Ц֪֪ΪʲôôȴӲң 

Ҳ֪ 

ͼ˵ΪϵĶûн壡ԽңԽҡʹõô 

벻ֻܿʹһ 


43Ϲġ 

µ˾һ·ĳʲôɽ÷ɽĶٶء߹ȥ˾һ˾Ǹȵ٣ףӥλ䣡 

ʱСһ͵￴ӹ˾ǵĳ²ӣǩֱ֣ұǿԼģֻڷ 

Ѿӭӹˣһס͵֣ܳԣСͣСͣ㲻Ҫһߣңжൣ㡭 

ҵ᲻ѾҲˡ 

 

ҺȻˣΪʲôͲϺúô˼ˣֻҪһ뵽Լ˻ƿĿ⣬˱浶ǹҪʹ 

ҵͷȥʪɴ 

ſңһָСͣλǣ 

ͰǰһƣֱƵĻ͸λˣҪܵƻĺܣܻӡ 

סңһȴûнҿҵҽϣһѱסҵͷؿڣĵĶ˵Բ𡭡 

ûƿңֻҷϣŰ͵ҲûɿֻǵЦˣСͣô£书ָˣУô£ 

͵ƤһЦֻǱһ¾;ˡǣɢˣٸ㡭˵ְ꣬ҴߣһŲȣЩˤһʱһӰбＲ۶һֱһվǰһơһͱٿˡȴҲվסˣУ͵ӣҵɴƮ䣬ҵûвͬʱʲô֣һֽסңһֽסɴҵϣ˵ҪСġ 

֣ȴŵòᣬôˣôһȥһһɣȥһֱ͸ؿڣЦ죬ǷӥϲӣҲɱ㣬Ҳ㣬ǺģӵҲС 

ŭ𣬡ұϸˣզҹԩ 

δ䣬Ѿһƴ°ͣԱߵȵŸȥ 

 

ļλ䣬ݷɲûвμӣϼס 

ߵҪңһСģܵһֱװͶҵװʲôġǺһǲޣҲԼΪңʵޡÿ᲻ĻҿóֻԼʱͻһ̲ͣ۸ңɱҪ΢ԣ˲βƵļ̡ 

Ҳߣֻ۸߼ϵ 

ҶȾƣں죬һһԣȲܳԣҲܺȣʮģ;ͷһһסҵӣֻ̾¡ 

ʱϤӰҵߣͱ 

һǲ֪ڵİͲϵõһҪǰͼǺ׽Ļһ棬ʮֲס 

վһͷ 

Ҫȥ㡭С˵ģҲܵġ 

ҡͷɣҲҪȥһȥɡ 

ͷѽѽ߰ɣ߰ɡ 

ɻңǲĵ 

ҡͷѩ˫ȫôҵĵǻǿ߰ɡ 

ǱǴΪʲôһ˵ҵȽأľأˣô 

ҺͰȥֻ̧ͷҶҪˣ͸Ű΢ЦҲǿҵ˰ɣˣرҲûкùӳԵģվԭسŰֲ̾ȥˣҪȥڸɡ 

ΣյۣϴһܣЦ㵱ûôǱߵıߵԼû취Աˣ˻ҪǡҶǲôƫƫҪȥǵ鷳 

ȻСͣҲѧЦǵûҲˣҪȥȥɣǵ鷳ܱҵ鷳ãҸҪţȥȥ 

ŭĿң֣ҵʱô;磿ˣˣһ㶼񣡡һŤͷסؾߣҲû˼鷳أϹġ 

г³һȴǲұֳģ󣬡ҪһӶǵ鷳ҲϹء 


44Բ𡭡 

룬ҿǰˣҵĿⲻıǣԺʱ̲ͣıı飬һһЦһһϲÿһ΢΢üÿһǡҾҹͶķɶ꣬ǡԾáͶ뵽Ļ 

Ϊ뷨ʹ࣬ǰžġǣҲֲ׻ᰮĸһЩǲԵģҲҵľϼˡңҪҵԼġ 

ͺ׺˵ĻһʱͱŤŤģԱ˾װͰ͵ģȴɿ˵úܣ˵ʱҲĵģεСѧֱһηηβо 

һţ˵Ͷ룬һ͵ԣҲѣЩСڵģɴĳԣϣֻҪĲҪͿˣ׿νġ 

ʱһֻû׵ĴҵļϣһһС𻨸˵ʲôҲʲȥˣȡ涣ҿסˡ 

ȣȡǺͻͷĵ񡭡 

ʱѾͷˣͨ͸һҵؿڡȻʽԣǣûеģֻؿһɾɤһɣžֻһ£Űѹ𻨸³ˣỹǿȦתһðǶĥˣ͵Զܱҭ 

ǵһΣʱûа취졭ȷ¶Ҳ̫ʡ 

ѾƵǰˣҵе㵣ģûô㣿ôƺأ 

ңҡ 

һߴūžͺˡ 

ЦСֺ֣ͣǡĸǸ磿 

ҵͷҿǣֵܡҽĪĪĪǡ 

һ߽ûͬ⣬˭׼˵ˣףոô 

ҲͣҲ̧ͷôһ˵ͷš 

Ἣˣһӣһģô 

һԵͷͷ˶Բԣ 

ЦǵûУֻǾе֣˵ʧˣϰҲӦȫı䣬ңҲúǰһҲһһֱ벻ͨҵûˡܲ˵ 

һߵ⣬ɣǶֲɣ 

ЦѾ֪ˣȻͿԷֵóˣֻ˵ıһˣٿ񡭡Ƿֵóģ 

еʧֵóôһȥأֵóһˡҲ˵˾Ϳԡľôô 

Դӿ֮󣬱һֱЦġ΢Цľŷɹĺ棬һͷ紵֣ɪɪӰֻ̧ͷһۣĻŵ 

һ߿ţͻȻЦˣ֪ôһأϴΣǰʱһŵֱޣһһһ͵ˣһοʱͺ͸硭ӣһġ 

ţСͣҶ£пնҽ˰ɣ 

͹ԹԵͷڣѾûҪˡ 

һУ¡ 

̣ 

Ժδδȥ 

ǶǷеСС΢ֺαҪı硭 

 

ңֻһ㲻ס˰͵Ļҡ 

վ⣬һаͣҶҡҷֻ֨֨Ľš̫ͿȥˣӳһƬɫǾվƬУ紩ҡ 

˵ҲסȻ㲻ǰͣҲǰ˼ôΪʲôǰҪΪ˳λ· 

ңסˡ 

 

ģ׵ģ֪һеġ 

ҵģ˽⣬ҵİõ 

Ц㰮ô 

 

ôϵİɴͷҵôԲ𡭡Ұɡңܰ㡭 

 

û˳Թеһ𱻱͵ĽϨո̱նϣһ׳ûڵǱ䳾 

ΪʲôҲô૲ܳԡܾתתҺΣΪʲôңϵءҵذȻʧɫҵʧأһǿ棬һͷȥ֤ĪĪڻʲô塭ΪԵõİȴʲôʧȥˡңҪ࡭ʧȥ֪ǰ˵һ仰 

 

İô 
ô᲻ 
˭ֿ 
ǧ̫ 
 

İһе˻ 
ҲԵ 
żССĴ 
һ粨 
ĥĭ 
Ҷʶ̫ 
Լ̫ 
 

 
ôҪ 
ôܸ 
˵ʲô 


45 

Ը࣬һû˵Ŀͷ۾ͿĵڴĴעңվߡ 

ҵͷЩΣҲΪʲô಻¶ϲŭҲЩң㣬Ҫô 

ңҪ㡭ҳµķңҵ˼룬˵ҸӢڣҪӳ 

ಢûгԾһ£ûԥãҴӳ죬ң 

ҳһңۣһ 

ҳۣ˯ƺһˣߣҵ֡һֱԣƺڶ˵ŻȴŬſۣǣôҲֻᵽһ󵭵㣬ζϤķۡ־òɢ 

áҪʼˣƬƬŨһˣվڰããһƬУ֪δȥһڽңĪĪӦţȴһֱڽңĪĪĪĪþȫĻغûõģ˶أʱʱû취㡭ҺһҲڶ˵ȴᣬᡭ˵ĪĪ֪ҹúܺãУ֪ء 

ҵ裿ҽǰ˼ôǰ˼ôΪʲôˣѽ 

ڲöϵʱȥڲӦѵʱѡȻۣŷԼһĺĴһ£ģΧûˡ 

˯˶ˣҴ´ƿһƬӰҹˡ 

شߣճֻþ˺ֵܶ࣬ȣžûжһжĵģҶڸʲôأ 

⣬һ죬⿴ȥû߹ȥ򿪴ŷôҡ 

ҵͷߣߣѾûˣ 

ҵ뿪ŵʱΪԼѾΪĻ䣬ڣ뿪ӥȴ޿ᣬΪѾϰ˵ȴֵķΣʹ衭ּ尾˷СϿ 

ǰ󲻵ĸȺ˵أжպ󻹻ҲЩһҲˡǶôε¡ҵǲáԼҲ֪ʱҾ֪ҲĳϽδҡңǲϲѽ 

Ӹϣ߱ڣƽأûжãǾͳ˷ӥһͣ£ҿûˣŰҷ£ȥĶأҪҪһȥһ·ȥ 

ˣӦһˣ¼įɢûоۺϾûɢ˰ɣҡͷһЦˣб¡Ҫ죬ҲҪСġ 

̾һҲҪСġҪҪҴһ̣뿪ӥԶһ 

ҡͷˣҲذɣڵ㡭 

࿴һŹֵպ£ңһûʲôѡ㣬һ 

ͻȻһ£סˣûƤʲôģǿԸı˵ò֡ 

һ㶣ҪֶһţϸһܿҪıòҵʶһˣֶμߣҲԶҪҪȥ 

ãʲôסĶ 

ɵˣסڲԶĸɽ 

 

ҺһЩ飬ҵȥһģ 

ˡҡͷûõģǸɵҲϵãңԼ취ˡһȸҽһ£ӡ̫ҡˡ 

߸ңһʹõķָҴϣٴӻƱݸң̾һԴһ𣬲֪ʱټû书Ȼ鵫ǳ˱˵ĵԼԺҪСģ¶·±ǿͷЩƱţҸׯӴϣԺʱͱ¶ˡ 

һжҲ˵ллĻˣֽӹЦûµģһʮСĵġȥɡ 

ҰΣתˡ 

 

һΣֻһˡ 

Ŵ磬ңĪǣˡ 


46ᡭ 

һˣǰУ᲻淽򣬶ɽ֣һµģֻ˳˹ٵߣһߣߵڶ磬ֻǿһԹţһйҾеˣҴզڰԹ⣬ҲûԹˣҲֻ͵ԼСģ㲻ġԶԶֻǰдᣬ˲ô࣬߹ȥ 

һ£ŷ֣̫ͷԱӵһŭĿӣӰνʮֽš޹أҲ뱻󼰣վߡ 

ǰûôʱ·ľ飬벻һվžʹʹվҲվȣҡһ£ֵǱ֣߲ˡңһ㶯Ѿȫ˵Ŀ⣬ˢҿ 

ŬЦλֻ·æǵġ 

˸Կһֶˣ˿Ҳͽˣ¿ûк˱ӵˡ 

̾һٽУѾҪٽˡ 

žһŴҵϣһ㶣æ̧ͷԴȥֻһջ֡ 

е㲻˼Ǹл 

һƲ죬˭ҪǮˣ˾ͳ԰ɣһֵʲô 

æлҧһڣ㲻Ҳ㣬˼ǲֱģٳһڣЦóԡʵȷóԣеɡҳҲССð˷յģжãֻɺҩҲ㽻ˡƶʲôҲûеģԭֻһ˶࣡ҪҵĲƺԭҲòŷôĹ򣬵һ˹õһȻϣҾͻȫԹˡԣҳԵ÷㡣 

һ̻ʳԵһѾߵˣһǰϡ 

ףҳԾ̧ͷֻһңȵģϵȵһ˲ô 

лˣͺȡ 

һѾˣιСӣҲ¶ 

һЦߣűøɾô 

ҳԱˣҲȺˣֱӣ˸֣λС㣬ǵʲô¶Ҫֵطأ 

һԾһָԷһҲŮģһңô֪ 

 

ҵȻ֪ϵ֬ζûϴأϸ׵ָͷǽƽϵСҪģǴСŵĶ۶λС㣬л˵ºúýС˵ֻ·ҲܹλĶ֪Сܲܰæ 

ܰʲôæһСӰˣ޸֮ͿߣҪսٻغϡ 

һҲ˵ѽû¶ƶأ֡ 

̾˿Ůǳ嶯ĶϵĻȫʬȱܿͷɡվûиղôʹˣǳԹ˶Щֵ С£ҪˣλմպҶλĶ顭 

ֲˣһңһ˵˭ͼպ󱨶ţٻ˵һĻ 

Ҷеͷʹˣٿˣı飬ǵһǰסһѯǣΪʲôѽ 

ǴһΣΪǻɽϴʱһڣǼСԷҪң˭룬յҵ١С㣬ҲҪɽȥɽ˭ɽȥأ 

һȥˣ 

СϹ˵ôôңʱҪҰֵģ 

̾һֱ׵ľǷ಻ﷴڿһɽһɽߡѾתҪˡ 

ʱǲһǣС䣬һͷվ˳һһ߹ɤӵǡ˵ɽôûˡǰӥˡˣǰɽɽȫûˡ 

˶סˣλҲˣͷֻͻȻֹͷѾˣûٴȥıҪˡ⣬ɲйѣµСѾһ߹ˣɽûˣӥôԸС뵽ԼҪԸСģԣ΢΢һ¡ 

֧Ŷ˰죬Żشûˡɽûˣ¡ݱʰˡٲɽˡ 

 

˶ڷ㶣Ψҵķ˲ͬɵôΪʲôأд𰸣ȴԼ뵽Ǵ𰸡ȫɣϾǱҵˡ 


47 

ɽϼûλСҲûıҪλϵıĿתˡ 

СʣιСӣʲô֣ 

һ£ĻشСĽи 

СʣСӣҪȥĶأ 

İסˣҶǵϤֱ˵İ˵һص㶼ܡѲҪ˵ȥôܲ˵ҪҷӥɡͷңȥɽѰø˵ġðɣؼʱ̣ɵˣҾʹŰɣ 

ǽϹĺֵСֵܣҪȥɽߴˣ 

ҿЦôһΪߵĶءûϵȻˣȥ𴦺ˡ 

СһͲˣˣҪȥĶأƵģɵô 

СӦ͵˵ɵ˳ȥˣڸɽȥҲʲô£ 

ҶĶǹѽֻǰŶѡǣҵģһӾͷˣ˪ѪҺһӾͻˮ 

ңɵҪҵġңҡ˲ϰҡûˣ޴ȥҵˡ 

ңֻߡң̫ѹˡңֻ뷢йң̫á 

ΪʲôϰңΪʲôҪҺáҡдΡصİңΪʲôһʼͶ˵ͷԼı䣬ؿ 

СգŭûϢɷλޣǸŮ˲㣬һͺˣֲֻһôŧңҲҪģ 

Сȴοңˣѵ㻹ǳˣŮҲʵڿɶȻ㣬ͲӦ㣬ջϲһԣ 

ܲ˵ҡͷǲ׵ģҺãֲǶҺã￴Ĳҡǣǣ֪࿴ң˵֪᲻Ǹҵģһϰ˳С 

Сһ˼Ҽҵģû¾ͿޣôûãһǸ˿ˣҪѽҾʹһƬҵʱȥҪصߡ 

Сȴ˵˳úɣţҲû취ġţǻð죬£º˲ˡûϣˡĶԭǸĺãôҲȲȥ˵ģΪ㻹᷸ȴġ 

˵һϣҲˣллλСˣͨˡ˷ǵûͱ˶ˣôҲǿܵġ 

ʱС㸩ҵ㳤Ҳ㣬㶼ʲô 

СҲңʶô 

ҵͷʶ֡Ҳдϰ֣һ£Ҫ㵱˵й˾͵ûд֣дҽɾֻʶˡ 

Сһܸˣд־ͺãҼһģ㷴ûطȥҼҰɡ 

ҵһͲˣΪʲôȥңҼǰȱһ˵ģҼң 

ҵһߣ˵ģҼҪƹأƹĺˣ 

СŭˣĵôѽҼլĹܼҲˣ˲źãҼܼҰɣ 

 

С㣬һѾͰγѽȻԣǾһ 

СҲγȾͱȣô 

ЦҸĪôΪƷ 

վģЦλСϢŭϢŭǸҶʲôѽ 

ҵĵҼǮׯе̣ʯꡣ 

ҵľ͸ˣҼҲҵŴأҼд꣬꣬гׯҲھ֡ 

̾˿λĺˣǣֻƼˮ꣬ô޹ܶλĶݣСĶҾӪȫһϲͨԣҲͲܵλְˡ 

С˵˵ˣƢӣҼ˸ģСӹֿģˣҪҼòˣʱ߰ɣ 

ҵһҲ˼ˣ˵ҲֻǺСӣҲˡˣܾҪҪ 

СҲͷҪҪǽݳɽðɡ 

ҵĸҽأ 

ҵҲĵĺܣҽ磬˭Ƚϴء 

֪˵֣ҷ֣ԽŵģƢԽ 

 

ңѾҳׯļˡ 


48 ү 

һ·ŴһСľͺϹĹ֪ԭҲǴˣȻӥûȣǱһĸҲǿǰģ⵹ǿΪʲôƢôˡҪǻɱôԣļֻԼһûֵܽãƢҲ˵Ҳڱԣļ壬ΪʲôҵƢͻأһǺ룬ŵóĽۣŴġҸ׵ƢͺܺãνͲƣҼһֱԴţУԣһƷʵҲʮҪ÷磬ҪꡭٰһףҾ͵ó˽ۣҴүһʡ͵ĵƣȻˣƣҷҲǺǵġ 

ЩΪݣģŴҵһһξܾҪҼĽ飬ֻһֵСС˷ԭûҪȥ̫ܵүɣ 

ΪˣʽΪһСµҷˡ 

ͣͣߣʮĹ⾰ݣҶݱЩӡģһžЩȫǱĵƬȻǸѾȫûˣݰǣɫƿ⣬Ź硣̨鿣ӢǮ䣬ǧ⡢ˮƽӳͰСݡ 

Ԫ̧ͷҵĳׯĽִߣСֱ߽ȥһֶ֣ƹ˵²˽иҼʶ֣Ҳʵʹ˰ɣ 

Ҽæǰ񣬡ƹİãСĸ϶գ 

ǳ²ԴһֱûңȴССԸԵֻСӿб˰ 

ŭҴˣҪʲôˣֱң 

ǳ²ΨΨ 

аУãСǴС㣬Ҫؼҵģ԰һ£Ҫģʱ˶ˣһߣһ̻ȥ뵽æСĽó²Ϲ񣬡ƹģģҸȻ£Ȼȫȫ⣬ҵ£Ҫ¶ĲԣС㣬Լͻǵģ 

ͷ̧ͷҵһۣԸ˵СӣȥһŴԺ󣬸סǶٶ˵úøɰɣȻӣȥ·Ժһ¶ǮӣܳԹסˣҪСİ 

ͷкȥСһˡ 

˲֪СǵСƣûͷԵģЩɵĶغ񾢣ʲôҲûУıӽһ˵ãҲһһʰãŴһӣ̫ĸסСӽĵﶼ˯̵ͨģ 

СӴˮϴҵǲˮģҵϴ˰ְҰˮҾЩⲻȥˣֻǻƣġʰһ£ҪСˣ߳ӣֻСӸе죬ֹҾͣ˵ 

磬һЦǸʶֶģңɲ԰дһš 

ЦˣԭΪȻԣҪдôô 

ɵЦٺ٣ǴˣϵֶҲƹдǸ٣´ЦҡҪܰд̫ˡ 

ҵͷͬ⣬Ҫû¶ҾͰдɣ 

ȸԾ̫ˣʱ㡭ƺʲôվվûˣĶ˵磬ҪСģСү 

˭ү 

Ͽҵ죬СЩүСı磬˾סݣ 

ΪʲôҪСһǲѽ 

ǸүϲҧˡϻƽʱҾͿүڴҧҽȥȴүϳˣ˳ʱּү˳еúòأңµ죬үģҲҧ㣬ǸԼҪСѽ 

ңҵȻҪСġЩšү˵ǺɫģȻûбžˣҲһɬ㡭Ҷ˶ǿЦŶС˵ûµģһСģллҡǰǵȼˣǿȥɣ 

߻صȴæţһһ˺Ȳˣ֣߱硭 

һͼһˣȥ񣬸ȥ˵ɣԺԼˣʲôҪľңõѾҵѡҵһס̧ͷһ˫ȵȦе±ˡ 


49 һ졭 

үֻһۣоˣӦþǴ˵еӵˣףɫ촽ܱṈ̀࣬һа΢΢ţʶ࣬ʶ٣ɫԿ˵ʮֵڣɫԵĿҡ 

æջ֣СվһԣʱЦˣұƽʱ˶ܲģڣҵˣǾ͸û˵һֱʹңʲô¶ҪͿȥҪڵĻһҪѽǧҪҿ 

н㣬⻰ڵӻǾӶģҵǲùѵ֪ƷҼ̸͸׽ǲ֪ģҵΨһˣ統Ȼã˭óɣ˵ǵǱأ 

վţǱƹѾ߹ˣ˳ָһӡҵ·û죬ʾСѾ˰ˣʱҲ׼Ҫˣô˵Ķңﻹе᲻áԶԶİͳţһ䡭 

 

˱Ҵֿһ£ͷеʹȫͷ˲˵壬˵ķžֻ˵ʱķʽ󣬿ǣͷԵˮҲ̫ˣˣͷѣҪĻǴƨʱõİӶܴۣ 

ұ˱ȥƹˣƹСǳĹءˣСе㿴ȫϵָʾǷżأǡ 

ƹûôһ˵ĵ̧ͷңﲻ˵ 

ұΪģˮ̰ģڿƺ֪飬ңЩԥʵ˵᲻ᱻءĲ֪ô 

ƹģԭ˭ǵģȷһ°ɡ 

ˣԭһСƽӵǣǣ֪Ķ˲ƣͲˣһС˳ӵģǵӲ˲ؼˣپһֱû˼ˡĻգÿһŵӣҶˡ˵˵ɣﲻ 

ңٻȥϸɣұֻȥˣ˵ҶȫǸүйҷΪһΪС 

ҿʼⱾȻңҲȫûͷ˺ôһűʼһһ 

ģˣ̧ͷŷƹѾȥˣǰԺĵѾ˼壬˺һˣ̫עʱ䡭ҼмʾҪѵµˣ룬׼ߡ 

ʱСһ̽ͷ磬÷ˣҲܽ˷ģԣ 

ûгԷæֽ߳ͼСӰͰ͵Ķŷڵң磬ô˻ȥô 

ӦҪдŵģЦѽôôæת߻ȥֽʳ ɣ˵ʲôȸдٳԷ 

СʮָˣЩΪ飬Ǹ룬ȳԷɡ 

һ߳Էһ߿ǶץСӣˣ 

1715ˣҽСҵѵģƹĿҿңҾӣ㲼ɵ 

ǣҪдŸ˭أ 

ңҪдС꣬ҵףǵߺһֱûϢһǰŸңﶼû£ҡʱдˣƽ˲ˣҾͲҳд˳ֳҲںˣˣҾͿԸСдˣ׬ǮҾͻȥһӣ 

ҳ˷Ϳʼдţʵ˵Ļӣ޷ҪС׬Ǯͻˣȵȣ˲ǧٴˣһ˵ݣһдˣʮָˣСķڻˡ 

һת߻طꡭ 

Ҹߵǰûתš֨һˣͻͷоĪүֹţңЦ 

ҵȻɵȥʡҪʲôô׳յ⣬Ҽ侲үôˣ㻹ûȥء 

үһ߽ЦеģûһлҪ˵ 

ңҪȥˣʲô£ǲǵȵ˵СһȥҪʰ˱ܲľͺˣǱһ̨֦ͭ 

ҵĽŵڶû߳ȥͱһʳϡҾһ汻ѹ¡һ£Ȼֺҵ亹ˣˣ书 

Ҽ侲ô侲أֻһֻ־ͰҵְֻͷϷȻһҵϲŤŤȥͷҵĲᣬͷĵճҺһֻ̽ҵ£ҵߡ 

Һ£ܺ£ᷢҴߣб˺ҡµȫڷҵ᲻ţţ㣬ס֡Ҫ 

͵ģһȻ̱ϣãŴۣǰվˡûվҲڵϣһҶҵ˹ȥ 

ڿ޳ˣءǣôڲ 


50 ֬ۡ 

ǰ׼үĶӾǼţҧгݣôĹ˭ⶼҴ̫ͷҲ 

ҵıοңûˣҪˣǲôûаô 

ҲᣬֱӣҸµƽ鿴ǣôˣǡӥҪ׽һȥô 

͸ƴͷɫе֣Ǹ١и˶ǲɢˡһҲûûеطȥݵġŶΪ⴦Щҵԡ 

ҳԾúõģǲǸҪ˵ġ 

̾Ϣعӣӣ˺Щ£㶼֪иü˵ǾᡭʼʱΪ㣬ദһ£ŷǡ֮һѾݸѾûˣݱסڷӥʱ·㡭ֻˣǻûϡҪû䣬Ҳϲġ 

һЩǣǡ׽һȥġ 

ҡͷôôжֵѣ£Ǿ㲻ܾ㣬ҲȻţ 

ȫŵһŵүָһ£ôأ 

ҪҪҸû˵ĵطҲԼ͵͵ģ 

ƣֻңӣģ 

£ңΪҵĵһݹҲΪ˵ĳұ硭ǣûʲô취˵¡УԺҲң 

¾Ϳʼˣ˵ˣǰݺݴһͻظ²˴ھͲ鷳ˣ 

ҲһߴͷҪȽģҲΪ 

룬ǲˡ 

һԼɣ˵жĥǲҸĻͻء 

ţͼ͸ƺƵģͷǰȥȻ⿪үѨ 

ǼһŴӵһûվȣֵصϣǣŵˡ 

ǰһţϹĹۣ˭˶ҶϿеˣҲģ 

˵ôһˣʡʱʡ 

ҡͷҿֻһʱɫϣɱǵ֣¸Ǻţպ󻹸Ҳٷ 

үһ·ͷϽźúǱ 

óСүıӱȥ߾һºûԵҩͻȫСӺøлԵһšţү߾ǲպֵĳɫȻҩ򡭡Լɣ 

ƶƨɺݺǼţ¶ҪǸ˵ȥĺǣҶҪĹ 

үŲ·ɿ˳ȥ 

ŽͷϵɴЦûˣ۸ˣҲ˵ȥ 

Щ£ҪԵĲ߾⡭ 

е죬ǸǸ߾ 

ʲôôеģҳһ 

еŤ󣬡ǣҴ١Ƕ͵ġҺ͸ˣݱǱ𣬿ǣѾסӥˣҶҵ 

ԻóһϸָϸƽʱϣҲע⣬ǣһСأҪʱԷʹԵĶ룡ָݸң书ԱԣҲòһˡȻǻڰʱǣΣգһ㣬ܻԱ 

¸жֽӽϣȻֺΪϲҲûж룬ȥ濴ţԭڲһСؿڵָƣĴһСףС΢ϸҲ壬һ£һĻ˳ԣƺƽʱָڵġ 

Ҹⶫô 

һ죬ǸеġҲȡһ 

ˣȡһЦֲô˵ 

֬ۡ[caihua/qiu] 



51 黷 

֡ٿȴС븽һĨ糺졭ǡЩ£ָĨɫ⣬ʲô˵Ѫô 

æ֣ǵģֻΪֿʮָӣŵϸ뱾ǿʼʱеģǺŽȥģԣΪұʱϸ벻ڱڸһ𣬾ҪͿĳֿʯúʯͻ糺ɫĨ֬дŵġ˵ֺ꣬ˡ 

ֻһṤ򣬾ͼְףֺġСӣֻںߺ˵ʱŻ죬ܲƭңǣںʲô̲סˣںʲôѲ㰮ˡ 

ֺˣӣ㣬˵ 

̾ҵԸǰңҲԸƭҡ˵ɣʲô 

һЩˣңǣô㡭 

Цǻǲ˵ôѾȷˣ 

ۼͷԣæתƻ⣬ɫˡ 

ժۣ֬߰ɣҪңȫǱͲʶ 

ٳһҵ֣ӣ㣬Ҷ˵⣬֬۱һԵġģϴû˵ʵġ⻹һֻֻ黷Ҳϸ룬ֻϸȴڻģǸԾõġʱ׽ˣʱŻõõҲӦԹŶź޵ľ 

Ҷû뵽˵Ļһʹֻô 

̧ͷң㻯Ϊ֪ݱδˡҲͲҶ˵ʵˡ 

ɫȻδôô׵ľܾôңΪʲô޷ġҿССָȥҲһôôôǴĶָء֣֬شҵָЦˡһףʲô˼ɡȻ䣬һ˿⡭ֻһ˻ᶮõİʾ 

ɫʱȷˣ͸Ƹдǵסַұ֤ʱʱңŷǽ뿪Ҳʰһ£Żصס˯ûйأƿţСѾſ˯ˣ߶ԺңһʲôȥҰ˨ãҲôôŻ 

һֱڸţţţ˯ˡ 

ҵз·ůĿҺЦڴϣǺñӡһʱ䣬һбҵһκɵĿһжұаģҵһοԿ϶ҵĴڣһãڰİ׸룬沨ҡҷĸ񱼳ޱ߲ԭĲ򡭡ҺȻүҲǿԭ£Ϊҵַò޹ءĴӣ棬ζۣ֬ǵˡҵ 

һҹ˯ʱͼСںһӣҲϸҵѣʵˣǴк֪һճ£һ˶ҴҾĳΪ磬ҲܸˣԿڵΡ 

ٴοʼ˱ΣҲ˵۹⣬ÿԼĿ̬˼ֻۣʣЦˣզΪûص룬ͲͬˣѾԼׯһӣЩҾһҪ˵ˣұ˱ȥƹġƿţأͰеĿžĶѷСϣƹģ˲ԣֻһô 

ƹĳһʲôԣﲻԣ㵹˵˵˻׵ 

ҷ˱һһָͨͨԣ˶ˣΪʲô컹Ҫٽ᣿ͬĲƥ滹ѹܶ࣬ΪʲôҪģĲϽָһʣƹɫһ֣ѾͬȾ޲ƵˣƹģɻƹģѵЩ㶼֪ô 

ƹɫҰܣګګܳԣˣͿˣӦ˵ģǣҲ벻СۣҿжӵĿգ 

ãҡ 

ҹɾΪ⣬һ죬⵱Ȼ㰾ͨȻܰȫ壬ٿ԰ĿЩˣվǣʱЩͷûԭֱֻ 

Ҳûʹ򿪴ֻһԱɫͻͷҡ 

ͻһȴ΢΢һЦλǰԺİɣôˣôûȥЪأ 

˽͵ңͻȥ 

ҲشڴϺģˣʲô֣ҲǸողģ˻ûʶȫء 

˼ƵģǸһ£ġ 

ʲôԴһסӣһֻȥ֣ʲôôأأۣ֬ģϸģһپ²ˡ 

ҼûˣæӺ棬ֻһۣҾˣ棬׶ߵĲҲˡЩ֣ǰȴûвģһ£ˣǻû̵Ҫҵֻ˱£ǡһǲѽȻ˱ôҪҲˣﻹҪô 

˺ǻǵ·ΰŻϣȻתһԹôҪĶʼء 


52 Ż𡭡 

ŻľͲСɫһ£ҳһѼ⵶ٵһ֣͵ת浣סĲӣ㵨ӵСҪɱڣٻʬô 

˳ѻ״崦ʱ˵ЩˣүңҲҪġֻǣֻҪ˷ӣŹҰɡҲָɡ 

ǣ˭ģת˵֣û´ĻпܾƹģΪֻһ˵ֻ֣ôԵĴΪʲôҪءһ˾пǸүֻǻӣСƽӣС˳ӣȴ˷ˡҲүǺ󱳸֣⵹Ҳ˵ҪĻɱҾͺˣΪҪ߾Ľҩ 

⡭ԥˡ 

õĲز䶯㲻˵ҾͲ֪ôߣҲҲµóģҪ֪Ҫû¶ĻСҲͲƽ޹ʵˡ 

ƺһͷֱð亹㣬˵СҲ֪¶ˣ 

ҵͷȻ֪ˣƽƽ˷ܻʲôѵҪ׿˵ôں㣬ֻȻдܲĻᣡҪʲô˵ĻôõĲϻӣѪҲŵã 

˲һסķүֻǷѽҰɡҪɱңƹĺүָʹҵġҪȻǽСʮӣСҲҸɱ˷Ż¶ 

ԭзݣҰѵĲƿ֣ԩͷծǵҶ㣬ھһһʮ˵аֺ֪ĲһЦˣһʲôܻóɣ 

˻ҵͷү֪¶үƹĸɵģЩӣֽţƹĿʼǲϵģΪж̴үûӣͲòүĻˡǵ˷үˣүˣ͸ؼˣ˭룬¼ȴǸӲͷүĻүǿ˼ա̫ҲʹȥˡֻΪͷһֱûˣС䳣ȴҲǸûĻģԣүҲ˷ʡˡҪǡҪǹˣʲô¶Ҳûеġ˭룬Сƽﲻϵ£ȴ˷⣬⣬үҪƹĵŴС˱㣬ô֤ٵҹû˵ʱ򣬵һѻ𡭡Ϳ˵ʧְûп˱Ժ׷ʣҲ㶥˭롭㣬ֻһͿϲͷˡǣܼѽ 

ЦʱƨҲûõģʲôݣô֪ô 

˼ɫͻˣ˵ҲͲôˣү¶ֻֻ֪ΪƹҸɵɶӣ 

ҵͷ˵ƹаѱү֪ʲôɣ 

Щɣ˵ˣǡΪƹһС檡õķ̫ʡҪö֪ˣƹҲû취ȥˡ 

ԭǺöЦԭˣֻΪүˡû뵽ԭƹĻүвΪƹİ£ǲԣĶĹ˵ɸСҲĺܣôΪСƹļƽϣ 

˵Щ㶡 

Цָ˰סĲİɣСҲֻǿүΪҿǲ˽ȻûСŵز¶׾ѽȥƹ֪һ˵СҪԸֻүҪٸϹκˣʱҪڶǰ˵ʱ򡭡Ҳ֪ҳ谮С¶Ǿ˽֪ģүڶǰȻûùӳԣʱƹҪܸСֻ֤˵үƵģôƹأ 

꣬үСȫģŶС£үӽʲô¶ܷԸСĵΪЧȮ֮ͣ 

Цʱˣȥ˱óҪǲżȥͰæѻɡ 

»е㶡 

Ц˱䲻գ˷ûϵģ˵ҪǲյĻʲôȥүѽ 

»Ȼ򣬡ŶүǴ͵ȥ 

ұ˱˻Ц⽥ŨнõĻ˳֣Ҫڲ˴ݾߣҲòŷô 

ðҼ磬л˵ɡ 


53 Զľ롭 

ûһᣬͼĴӿ˻˻𣬽ĽԽ̿Ϻһ˼£˴˶ĵضվšյĹȻԶԶľͿ͸Ʒһģ붼Ҫ塭ҳһҵ˱ѽƿ޺ˣ߽б߿ޣҪҡҪȥҵ˱ѽҵ˱ȫûѽ 

͸˶һˣôһУӲĶסˡһҿң϶ǺٶϸðĺβͻңɫҪྫʾжྫʣװûһĸɺţҵ˱ѽȫûѽҵѽ 

ƹˣңĿ˸Ѿ˵ˣӭȥӻεƹģءûãûп˱¶ȶˣȫҶţ 

ƹٿһ̾˿Ҳˣˡ¶İɣ 

ڰѻˣĴһƬû˵ˣҲɢˣվſһųһٻӰվŵˣעҡһůЩʣллǻҡ 

ǰү̫ΣˣҪ߰ɡǶҲһƬҲġ 

Ҳ࣬үﲻǾ֮ѽ졭ѾôΣˡֳ¡һ䣬߰ɣ 

ҡͷңߣûµġһСĵģαҲҹµģҲҪġ 

̬ȼ̾һҲŤ㡭ɣҼסɡ£ôҪһˡ 

ЦðҶûȥأﻹʲôأ 

ɫе֣⣬ҵļңֻұĲҵǻˣԣŽҵ 

û빴£һʱֲðοҵǸĻһǲҪȥˡ 

æסңǣûв㣡үôã˵ұ죬Ҳ˵ء 

һӵͷѽһڼңˣ˵ܿء 

ҿԼ˫֣ںģȫ̯ȥϴһ£ٻ· 

ҡͷˣȥҼϴɡָɾȥˣ 

һߣƥģû̫æˡָЦҲ 

Цûϵһƥһһƥǿȥɡ磬ǵȼˡ 

ֻһʱ䣬ͼһƬլӣָǶҿӣǶұļˡ 

û뵽ôݣզ಻ѣôĲҵ 

ԺӣŵһСԺӣȥϴһ·ϣͲ̫࣬·Ҳʮֺ塭мǹı磬ǸǲѾ˯ˡҪҪȥк 

һûĲܻᴫȾҪҪ߽ڣվűߣͺˡ 

ҽ࣬ûֻͣڸڵķǰָָˡ 

ҶȻû뵽ҵĸڣһæһ·˵ֻվſڡ·Ҳա 

ţ磬ҵѸء 

Ӧһͳţûйء 

ƿţסң߽ȥ 

һ󴲣ᣵʹһӰڴϣҹ񣬡¸ĺѣǴˡ 

ڵӦţӡ̫ˡңܼ㣬ǶԲ𡭡ҳ㡭Ժпգͳɡ 

˵Уֲʶ˵зЩȻǸı磬ȻҲҵı硭Ժͽô 

ȡȡڵ˿ðʱһ䴲£һֻʰ𡭡 

Ŵ۾һͷȥı顭һѹɣ粡ôֻϣѾ˰ɫİߡ 

Ҳôű̫ãʾҪ뿪ɫһ磬ǶŸӻЩҪ졭ֻͷңȥǰԺҸưɣղŻšһ仰Ҫͱ˵һ£ȥǡ 

˵ãһ˾ǰԺȥʲôء 

 

Ҿֱ߳ȥûһ˫۾ 

ҽԶûķ·૵һ̾Ϣ 

ԶԶ߿ˡûпҵػʹëɢһء 

 

ûվſڣһֱ߽ȥϸѷŹغãվڴͷ᣽ֿΪʲôҪأôôͳȴЩ˸УĻ𡭡ûô 

ȴͳʣϣΪʲô˵ءֶиġ 

쿪߲һ˫֣ϣһ߽ɫĹң⸱塭ѾȫܸҸˡǣһңŲ¡ңȻܸҸǡܿ԰ҵҸҡܰȻҡ롭һʼϳ͡ˡлл㡭ҹ˯Աߵķ䡭֪ǽǱߡ 

 

Զľ 
 ľ 
 վǰ 
㲻֪Ұ 

 
Զľ 
 վǰ 
㲻֪Ұ 
  
ȴ˵Ұ 
 

Զľ 
 Ҳ˵Ұ 
 ʹƢ 
ȴֻĵ 


54  

ԭֻԵʲô ǣ֡һֱֻΪҺظѣǣּ֮ëǶҾľķϡǸҲ̫ǡؾ˼ҵı綼Ҫˣ˶Щ񾭽Űɡ 

ҴæԹ˷̫ˣ;Իطȥ˯·緿ʱһſһۡѾϨˡûϨҲʲô߻صҵķ䣬ڴϣȴĻŪϵ֬ۡҵָӳ£͵Ĺ⡭ʱڸʲôءܿɡ̾˿ûأ 

۾ʱ춼ˡһµô˯ˣϵ·ûѣϴһ£ҾܳȥһҪҪ죬ңһҪң 

͸ǲּҵģҵһͺҵûԺͿ첽ܹȥǻҪãҪҳȥ 

ֲˣùҪȥôʱ仹磬˶ȥɡ 

ҲҪȥҪȥҴС㣡һ˵һƽϵ·涼һˡ 

ָҵ·ЦʹȥҴС㣿 

Ȼǡ˵һ벻һ˵ҷˣզʱ·أ 

һ㶣ǼѾòˣ涼ǻ޹ĺۼҼϴˣͽȥˡ 

죬ҿܲһҪ 

һ㶣ȥˣһϲһĨ߹Ҷ֪զô·Ūô࡭Ҳֻվ˵ֿþ˵ô 

ָһſң㣬ȷҪô 

ҡȷɲҪȵʱһҧǼ·ϡüһһľ̿ζֱꡭ 

ҲԷסȥͷǲģȻǰҲԶ͸Ҳ·װүģҡһԺ̫Ѿϸˡ 

ŷ˿ұȽлҲò˶٣ҽȥֱһ˵ȥ˵ƹģ˵еϹŷŽȥͨ 

һ˳Ҳ֪ô˵ģһ֮󣬹Цףԭ㣡Ҿ˵˽͸˵ʲôؤˡһأûǽʲôأ˵ôŪӣ 

Ұ̾ǰС㣬㻹Ǳˣһأ 

ף˭Ҫô 

ҡͷԳ̾ǲ˵ĺá㿴ңֻֽţЩ˻С㣬¶㻹ǲҪ֪ĺãһҪи̡ңԺ󻹿˭أʵģҪǵСˣûΣء 

ǸջǵƢμⳤ̾ķɧŭ죬ʵʲô˳Զ˹ҴǼҹϵ⣿ҷŻô죬Ȼҷ㲻Ҫ£ȫ˵ҶţҵҪ˭ôۣǰˣְϷ 

ѹǰ˿Լ˸ɵģ 

һ㶣ɣôԼ˷Լ˵ô 

ҵͷʵ˵˰ɣ¶үɵģ 

һôܣҵûʲôңչÿһǮȴҼøɹɷֺôܻϵ⣿ 

ָָϣǲ˵ŵģ˷յǻһûɾأС㣬ٶңô¶ȴû㣬Ҳʲôô 

磬Щ޴ˣ⣬ôźã 

ȻʵҲûʲôѰģֻҪˣﻹԼô鷳 

ҡͷżҵȥˣҪ²ܻʱҲ 

ЦˣҲûϵٶң˭ҲĻֻҪƹһϵǲɢӣƹģ԰취үĲ· 

һ㣿浱ƹģǣҪҵˡ֪ˣô죿 

Цˣʵʵ˵ҾͶˣôĵ 

һͷãģɲܺҡҵ׵ġ 

ҲЦˣɫأôẦ㣡ҲǷƹ񲻿ɣֻ¶ҪִˣĳǼôѵ˸ϵ 

ͷһоİɣͽϹͬȥԱʱ֮衭 

 

СȻһвڻ£ͰԵˣθǽӵү۰ͰͼƹĽӹǲɢõӣϣҲһ仰ҲҶ˵ˣȫĻ㶵Ŀƹϡɵˡ 

Сֵ춼ϲˣһֱһäĿĳݡҲ˵ǶԶ˵ľĻ˵ֻʶ֣ȴֿˡɼʱܿɹġ 

 

һ죬үַ 

ڶ죬ƹķŻ𡭡 

죬ƹλá 

 

ƹλϣ΢Ц·Ӧ£еġ 

-- 
л˵ 
yisia ô˵أǰʵѾ˵ˡܾĪĪʱ˵ĻʱĪĪ˵ĶԲ˵ǲܰǲϸһЩˣҲ룬İͺһʱ̬һּ໤ƵģΪǾ˾˵ݣΪ㿴ĺӡԸտʼ֪ѾĪĪʱһֿʽտȰĪĪһЩע⣬ҪúദģȥĶʱƨΪ巣ǺĪĪߺ󣬣ʱûгĪĪΪˡ;ͺߵúܽˣʱ֪ĪĪ밲֮ĹϵԣΪˡ 

Ҫ˵ľʱʱĪĪĸϣ˵ǣԼҲû֣ʱĪĪģɽ׽ĪĪȥɽϲƽ˼ҵɽկĪĪ밲ϰߵĲͬĪĪͰԸҲͬ磬ĪĪΪûؼҶȥЩԻ󡭡ڰͺĪĪһʱдˣȣΪֻܽ⿪еԡѾ뵽ˣȴȷϣԣдĪĪģ˵ǾɫǿĪĪ˵ĪĪġֱڣҵı⻹ҪĪĪġȻˣб䶯Ļ˵ˡ 

УĪĪطӥͶˣȻˣ֮й·ڴУôдô֮󣬻ȥأ͸Ʊţ̨˭ΪѵأĪĪҪģֻΪеǷУһƬѡУܻһЩСֶΣҲܲʣǣĪĪƷǱ֤ģǺ棬ѣ˵һء 

ԽԽã۸ֵдĵĴɣѾЩˣеĹ¾Աдľʰٱʵ޷ⷽľ飬Ҳ˵ҽһ°ɡ 

ллҳ֧֡ллһһֱŬģﲻףҰɡ 


55 ǫ 

Һãᵽתص£ҵĴϲ˵£ҪתĻͿֱתˡ 
 
ֻǣдģʱ᷵ͷ޸ġĻҪתʱòҪתҸµ£Ƕ塭˼ҵ̫ȡĳ嶯ҡ롭 
 
˼£Ϊдò⣬ҷ˼Ĵ취ֲ׵ġʧ䡯˵ң֧̫.......ǰǼµǳ׺.......ٹһ.... ëǰˣɺģȴΪڿǰʱһֱڽſѽʱҼ壬ҵĴҿôأǺ沨һˣ˵ãҾ͸ıˡңǱ߼ǽкҪҰддġԣңںܿհҵıĪĪҵ氮Ϊ˵ܣһ߼ӥ޼ŵԭίݼѼ֮ԣȻжԭ򡭡ߵĽǶŵܣҲǬͿԽһУǰµе̵棬Ͷ˴𰸡еĴ𰸣ģģģݷɵģӥʱɱ˵ģǵġеĴ𰸡̫̾ɢô 
 
һֱֻдŸˡֻǣдѽдģͷҵĵһ˾棡ȻΪֲַ˵ڶǿ˾ϷȻΪֲٷ˵ҪˡȻҲҪֻҵȻһЪ˹ѾˡԣڣңֱյԸӡдĺడ 
 
Уסʯ骡˵ġŴ˿ҲûôûŪһǧԶԶ˵ʱˮƽеʧ.......... ԲҵȻû뵽ֻǼ򵥵һдȷв׵ĵطҾ͸Ĺ 
 
֮лһйҵѣлһ֧ҵѣпҵQQɣ14526203Һѿġ 
 
лϲңһɡҺöطѾȫûͷˡ 

ұ֤ 
 
2006/02/05 
-- 
 

εһ£Ȳһ¿ⷿȻģЩԴγã鱨ͷ׿նֵİϷ˵ʵŻתÿڵڵûôˣȻҲûУ粼ƥİڷţԱĻң岼֡Ҳһһˣʵ£һһĺȲ衣 

˵ҪģȻһģǣڡҸոΣѻյãȴղãҪ֪һΪλȫƾһ仰Ϲȴǲġ̫үһ첻ҿֵ̬һ²ȥͲ϶һʹһ٣ٰҴءΪүȻ˳ƹģǻһүһԲʡ͵ĵơĻ˵ƽ˶ǲģɼֻǶ֣ԵЩͷԵĻǻǲģҪû¶ڵԱǰ磬ҵҲ̫߱裬ϲ豭ŴҲȻһЦҼӰѾɣȳȥһ£ 

һŽߣһ߿Ľ־ˣһҲĿű˼ҵĵ̳裬С̷ߺţһƬ󡭡˼¥Ҫ˼С㣬һݴ˸ҿʼ 

һᣬһС߹ү벻ҳζСܱ˵ģֻҪһͭ塭 

һͷֻһʮСùã˳Ҳɾ·ɵҲֻɫЩƣҲ̫ЩӪǣҵͷǾͳһɣ 

СڸƣͳҲѰСֻɤ͸Գˣߴпɻػ磬Ҳжһ꣬δҪһСٳθճ䣬Ķߴﹾ 

ЦôôûϵȳԵȥӣˣ׬ʲôǮģǶǱ׬ĶЩ 

Сһ㶣͵Ľѽ 

ʱֱ͵סһʹҲҽһŭʲô֣ 

ߵôĵӣ컯֮£ȻҵֵϷŮҽ粻ѵѵ㣬²֪»֣ 

ңϷŮááãˡ 

ͷ亹ֱããҴˣȷſ֡ 

ҵһߡһʰأһȦץۡʹٿˣͦΣιʣһſϴ˿д˲мٿΧǻļҽʮˣһͭĴ۶ݺݵĿңããǲվתߡ 

ֻ˺ȵվסЩҽһ£͡塯һΧȦڵС 

СƲãˡ 

Цˣתָϵ࣬㻹ôأҲֻǿûԷ³ЩͲ󣬾ˣֻ飬ҪҵɻˣΪ±Ťô 

˲һ˵ֻһ㶣㣬棬ֻǿǡ 

һƨ£˵ʲô˼ҲˣҲˣ㣬´·ƽʱɲеأ٣ҪȵҵʱٳҲٰ 

˵ǺˣǸӣеˡ£ǫ֪Ӹմ¸ˡ 

ҵͷͲˣ˵ǿɢһɢˣûʲô£Ҳ棬ԺҲˡҵ֣֪Ҳû˼߳ȥûˡ 

һ֪ҪĶͷҲصҡƣôͻȥˣҪڣĶܣ˵ҵϷŮŮҲҵϷģҪϷҲϵϵңңҾһ·߽ȥһԺӣԺӣԺˣżָǽڿӡˣһ㶣ӭôˣѽҵˣ⣬˭Ūģôص֣үôôĹ 

Ұֳίˣһֻҧ˵Ĺүֻһжǫġ˵ҵϷŮ 

԰Ӻֻ߳һ룬ͽӿڵ˸ҵϷŮ 

һۣο˵ˣίˣǸȥҵϸãû˵ͷȰҩ࡭ 

ſҵ֣󾪣ֻһ˭˳ˣңȥﻹȵ죿 

̾˿ˣʲô˼ҲǸˡҲˡҿǻæָʣףǸҪڿأֺô 

ɫһ̾˿ǵģǸ絹ϴˮõġĲùˮֻ 

£ЩԥǸʶһˣо棬ҽܸߣҲܸ翴ġ 

ҡͷûõģûεúá 

ҿͻȻһƭң粻ˣжˣԲԣ 

Ͱˡ 

Ҽҳססķţ硭ϵĶµģԲԣ 

ҳһֱԭأˣǵģ 

ҵڵأô᲻أҲ¹ôְǸϳµĶֲΪʲôȥ⡭ҰͷΪʲôأһôİȴѾôˡ 


-- 
л˵ 
Һãػˣʲôʱжġڵ39ʱɰ˵ʱжˣʦνһ룬ڵ42ʱ֤˵ϵĶûɾʱҪĪĪ͸ţУһԺ˵ĪĪɱʱ¹һѪԪ˰ǶԺ󲡾ͼˡȻˣֻǶʱ˺ܣʱǼǿģûҪñĪĪ 

[caihua/qiu] 


56 Ը 

߹һңˣˡû¾ͰϹ룡ĲǴСеģֹݱʲôˣұҽĴΣҲβã㵱ݱˣεúô 

£ҲеͲ˼٣ϹģǣĲûô 

ҲˣȴϿҵģſԶˣ̾Ϣһӣ֪вУҺ͸Ҳ취ء 

Һ棬ʲôӣ˵Ҳһܰæ 

ҡͷˣԼɣѽԼúչԼǰǴæأƽ޹ʵģϷ˼Сһǰɡ 

ҽ˵ҵϷѽ 

ҲңҾߡ 

ЦˣǸӢۡСǫô 

ҧгݣ 

˷ʼ֣֨ţʹûһ죬⼸죬ûʲôļѽ 

ЦôᵽûУٹ죬µиᣬÿ궼ɽ˺ҪҪȥأ 

ҵͷû㽲ɡ 

 

ҳص꣬˼˾˿ⷿȻûǴжʮƥĺ첼ѹþˣɫͲˣҲѾͦʵˣҿȥ˰ǰֶ˼ɹǳߴ磬ҪǰЩ첼ȫɳ߰ѳĿڴֹþϸУһҪ졭˲⣬Ҳˡ 

ҿ˼ãҲٷԸǼӿٶȣһб£ˡ 

⣬ĴתתȻҵһ֦ҶïĴú첼Χס£ݹ̾ǰռ⴦ǧɣ׷ѰȻǴ˵û㡭 

˱ģ˵ԭҾЦָզҹодʱͶŴһԸգʱͼⷽ˸ٳʱҵԸˡԣҲлóʮӣˣת߳ţ 

·ݣҲۼ⣬һ̧ͷͿϸҳСѾͷ߹ȥ֣СȰϵǮ㡭 

Сϳң̫ҹЩԥ 

Цʲôأɣб¡ӭ߹ȥѰõָ㿴㿴һҪҵˣҪСǶԵģǣҲѽǻô 

£ֽһ裬ֽ˼СģָŵĶԷôҲˣûԵĻȳһڰɣ 

С£СĿңùһ춹]ˡ 

ָ˱裬ݸȣʲô֣㻹ϲʶģ 

С˿ղŻңعӻҽС̣Ҳʶҵͷ˶Ӹһ£ٰҼ˶ҳׯ˵ƹҪǣǮԵģȻЩҪǰ졭 

С̿ӣе㲻ãң˭ô 

Цǣ˭УٶУʱǹǮ 

Сٳڣȥ˼ֻͷң˵ƹҪģô 

Ӧţ 

 

ҼɫҲˣص꣬ŵһСǾ͵ˣĶЩʮŮӣҰٵһ𣬼˵һ£⼸Ǽһͻᣬ˵һ飬Ͷˡÿָ˶ǮӣҪԺÿ춼Ǯɢˡ 

Ҫ˵ʲôʵҲûʲôЩǱǻĴҰʷѴߣֻǸһ·ݿԼ˭ҵĺޣǰǰ˰ݣӾͺˡٱ˭ҵϱ޹ûСǰǰԸûþϲˡ˭ҵӶˣȥµǰĸͷ·ϣͰӼˡࡣ֮ǰԸӦģ㻯ģȻˣҪȥ̫ˣҲæһʱǲסҪûϵֻҪԸдֽϣŽԸٶȥеʱȻһһģҪԸĶŶɼǺˣҳе꣬죬ֳʱأ׼ඣһҪҵģǼҵ׼⻰Ҳʱ˵ģҪǱ˼ҵģӶӲȥȥҲ顭ҪһԸǮһǮһӹ󣬱˵ĲãڴˣӸѽⶫѽһǮһֻҪԸһǮӣǶʡأ᲻úӣײסǣ㿴˼ңһǮӣ׻أʲôѽ˳·һֱߣˣȥɣ˼ңһһٸͷ򲻵ˣǿɾˡ 

 

ҳȥ˹ѣȥ˳ɱѣǽһǧλףҶУģСڴһƥԼ1000ܹ20ƥҲ20000˵Ļ2000ӣΪǱǳĲԳȥɱ˹˹ҲǸͷ20000ϳ˵СڴҪҲÿùȥԣҪöҲͣ˵׬1200ĻҾûôĻƿҵͺǼ˽һҲûôã룬Ҳѹֻ֣СѧѧʱҰֵֵģһǧ󳣼ֶΣڴһİĺܣô˵ҳɹˣҵ⼸æûȥҾȥסɡ 


57 Ŀڡ 

ȻˣԷʱ˳ĿңӣҪҪҼҹ 

ƺҽĹˣϣֻУţҷҲûطȥҲԡ㣬ܸӣӵĽУͦĹϵԶˡ 

ͷֻһʼͽ㹫ӣеþˣϰˣٸĿҲøˡҪԺ㸻٣ 

̾Ҷ˵ҽĪĪģоˣô໨ 

ҡͷĶأǵĶˣҽеġһǽ㸻Ӱɡ 

ϵ̸ͱȫûˡ 

ҳԱ㣬ת԰ȥһĻԣԺ洦ɼǷƽΨ˵ǳˣǣ֦֦ܣʢϮˡÿҪ졣⻨ǱϲģʱҲæժÿģŵ⣬пˣԼýȥ 

ת˼Ȧժ˼ջ˼ƬҶӣãףΪʲôأ 

һ㶣Ŵ𣬡粻ϲ 

ŶҵǾˣǾˣϿʲôģ 

һ£ң궼Ƿŷźӵƣ²µԣ°ƽʲôġ꣬ӦҲɡ 

룬Ц겻ͬɡûи㣬ˣȴֶô׸ 

ôᡭֲ׸ 

ߵ棬֣ǺЦҪǽһĪĪҾͰտ磬͸Ƶȥ桭ҪǲءҪǲеĻҾпûյʱ򳣳㣬Ǹˡ˵ˣӦ£һ˻ӿˡ 

Ƹֻ˸βͣͳɤӶҽУӣ˵ģ 

ҶЦҶ˵ˣɣʱ乻ôûѽҪúûķţֻ͸һߴûûˡ 

ѻڵأУ磬ĪĪҲЩˣһðɡŶУڣòá 

ڣôð 

 

ҵķǱĸڣ䷿ǰˮ¥̨컨ʮң֪̰ܣðݾͰҵķ䲼õļݻǿļƷ˿޾Ͳ֪˶٣˿ȥǿƶһҺϲ䷿סˣҪҸƹ̫æˣҾˡֻǳҪ鵽ҹס̫㡭 

һ˸ƣѹҵˣϻûȥأϻʹûҪǣʮ죬϶ҾͻˣʱһڵλãʱҾͼпܱүǸԭĳƹ񵽵һңʱ綼סҡ첼Ͷ׬һʣǣǲģԼĿ껹ԶһҪ취 

˰죬뵽һӡֻǣ¶һ뵽ţ߳ȥ͸Ҫҡ 

ҳˣ˰ϵ촽ڶ˶ĪĪĪǣһ£Ǹ 

ЦðɣðɣҾΪѵİչ˱ɡסֿƣأҲ˿ڰɣԺǾֵܰɡ 

ЦãҪء 

͵ͷʲô¾ʰɣ֪һ㡭 

ͷʵҲûʲôǣ¥һңͷƹʲôأ 

ı鶨ϣү㣬㣬Ҫȥ¥ô 

̾ĪĪĪĪҪĪĪѽҲԼҪȥһҪȥءָָ󣬡һȥẦ 

ƲĿҰ죬̾ģҪɡ 

Ҳ˺ôľģǿͷҪȥô 

Цֻȥһ¥Ǹֱ飿һ£ʵȲˣʣµ£ͨͨ 

 

Ҫ˵ݣһҷĪͷƹСɡ⻰˵ҵġ 

һʱСڴֻüֱ쳹ڶģ̣ƻݺڴȣ֮СϪɽ֡ 

ҽеúã 

ҺȻӦ͡ 

СɾҿˣȻһЦֵͷһƣȴǡˣطֻеŤͷŴӯӯһЦҪ˵Цѧʵģ˵ҪЦˣӵ˶ΪǶԼ΢ЦģΪЦֻΪԼġҵȻ֪ЦǸҵģǣҪģȥǩͰӣȥfʮСɣ㲻ٵȻȻһȥ 

ʮСһߵӼˣЦۣžǰλСүôƺֶСɽеߣСүһȥɡֻӿңЦСүС˼ߣдĲãСү˴ŵ 

Цûϵ͸ƵǺһɣ 

һҡͷǻɡ 

-- 
л˵ 
ǰʵѾ˵ˣĪĪտʼΪ׬ǮܻһЩʵַ㣬ܵ˵ǲԵģҲԼŬ֤ȻˣֻҪЩʱͻúˣڣûдǸҴ飬Ҿԭɡ 

УҪģڣҪһӣһҪһ£ڷʾֻûģֻг룬ĪĪŲĪĪģҪѽƭˡ 

ֻͷһǮΪҲ֪ӦǶ٣ȫûнǮĸһ°ɡ 
һдĵġ 


58 ˮ 

˷غţСɰں٣ݲ裬ǺնǱݴأ 

Ҵӣֻ壬ǵţϴţ⡭ 

СɷвߣӯӯһЦͷɣǰûء 

ҵͷͷˣվϸ 

С΢΢һЦˣСɸ㳪Сɡ 

ҡͷǸģһٳɡĳߴǶ٣ 

Сɾеˣˣ㲻֪ôٶֻգġ 

ҼˣЦ˭Ҫˣɣб¡ 

ףŰ߹ǣңʲôأ 

Ҽʮ㣬ᣬҲҵۡ˵һ£ҲϲŮˣǲϲŮˡĶû˲ϲ֮˵ۣû˵ɣ˼ɫȫԼòԱȵģȻһ˽ΣȻЩĿҪЧӦ 

ҵЦҴһ£ҸղŸʮӣ棬ֵ˶٣ 

Сһ㶣ЩԥβСʮ 

ҵͷǰûµʱƽȥתô 

С㶣̾ǿģֻȥ޷߹䣬ʲô˼أ 

ҵͷֻǹ䵱Ȼû˼ҪԴƯƯĳȥ䣬ÿһ컹һã㻹ȥô 

Сɾȫסˡ 

ҿʼݲ裬ҪնǱݴأ 

СľȻ㡭 

ЦǾͱݴˡҰѲݸƸҪţƷȵġ 

СſңˣôҶȥأСҲݵͷƣмӸ粻Ϊ׽ɢҲƣ 

ǰұʾͬ⣬ǣɢļҲ䵽ôֻһ˵Ҳƣֺα糾ȴҪĶ㻹İɣ 

СɾͲ˵ˡ 

ЦˣóһֻֽҪǩ֣ҾͿ԰ԸԳΪעĽ㣬õĻرò˶ãͿŮˣһҪ˵ģʱŮ˸Ӧǿ԰µġ 

Сɿһ飬ٿһ飬ǩ֡ 

ҾٱԲƣôԤףǺɡ 

һҵѾҺˡ 

 

̸һЩϸڣҿɫˣ͸Ʋڣ͸ǳˡȻСȾƣȴʮʮҷЩôͳˡҽҲǣҲǣǣĴһ£ȴ쾮Ŀڴף߹ȥԭ˼㣬Ҳûʲô¶Ҫ죬ңѵøǿľͷȤ֪һ£ҾͲҪȥˡſһ߿ʼϸµĿ 

أҵ۽һɨȴֻһƺЩ죬ٿҵʹˡ ѽֵָ㣬㲻Ƕǫô 

ǫңҲһ㶣㣡 

ҹЦеĸס֣˵ʺӣҲ첻ˣ⼸죬ûô 

ǫҵ̬ˣľľ֣ţϴε¡ 

Ц͵Ļǣһۣ֬ǫ²ʡˣ֣һˣֻһ죬ߴһͷѹ漸ݡ֬ҩҩЧǿάֺܾõģֻ¼ˮһˮҩЧҲˡǱȫʪģԣ㶿ңףôˣûվôٿһŵ֣ûɵĺһ£ǸӣлסңҪأ 

֧һڰһЦÿ 

һ֣ΧһȺֵģȻʹģѽúõĽѽ֪óˡ͸Ҳˣ˼µľȻһݣæϹֿˣһϸմʪ𣿡 

ԱǸʪĶǫûˣϴμʱ߻ʮ棬Σ֪ΪʲôȻһҲûҵϴҿҪöˣϴûĲݣǿıˡҿǰƷ裬Цûµģͱˡ 


59 졭 

û£ſ򶫷ǫƼһ㶣ⲻǶǫôٿңĪĪô£ 

ҿû뵽ʶǫָʸƣ㣬ʶô 

ҡͷһۣǰ˵ġȥ˲飬ҩõٶأ 

ҾͲҵʱҲֻؼȥƢģǣû뵽ºȴûǣԷˡ뵽ҵͷлл 

û£򶫷ǫ߹ȥʩ񣬵ӣ㣬ôȫʪ͸ˣҲǷӣҪҪȥ 

ǫҡͷڨЦˣңҽ첻ܻȥûϵҵһ£·ûˡ 

ȥֱۣȴǶŶǫ˵ģӣҪȥˣʹ˱һСĵ㡭 

ǫճտңӦţããڡ 

͸תߣߵԶˣǫںУӣ㡭ʲô 

װûܿˡ 

ܵԶˣңסˡ 

Ҳ⣬ɻȴǺһʮ 

ĪĪöǫˮģ԰ɣüĪĪҶ£֬۱Ǹ㱣õģ㣬ȴ׽Ūˣһⶫĵ֪ˣʱǿ㣬ôأˡ 

ù֮ʵͺˣôһ˵͸ˡҵͷҲǿ죬ţ˵ˣСģԲҲԡҲˡ㣬ˡ֪ĶҺá 

Ҳ岻סˣ̾˿ѽʱĸʲôƵģЩС¶ϣȴ̫⡭ʱᱣȫһʱ㣬ǧҪСѽ 

ŽӹͷĪĪǸǫƷֻûʲô̵ͷԣֻôһӣҲ簮ЩүƢѱģ´ͱ׽ŪˡŪȻĲԣҲѽǾ㳶ƽ˰ɡ 

Ķ׽ŪأҾͷǵģѽʲôǵġ 

ǼҲͲö˵ˣֱ˸ء 

 

һĬĬطֻ緿ĵƻţ͸ů⡣һߵŽǰʣ磬˯ô 

ţô 

ûС̾˿죬ˡұϥͿˣ׻ţΪΪ׽Ūˡ¶Լڹء 

ӦǹҪô 

ҡͷȻǡҲǹġֻǣӣһˡ̾ǸҲġҲܹңΪ롭簮ҡҲǣҲ簮Ĳҡϴˡ̾磬ô졭һ˯ž 

Ĭһź˵ĪĪѼϴǡû˻ϴ˵ġԣҪҵһҵͬ㣬㣬һʱֻҪϴˡ 

ҵͷš磬ҸһܰɡЦ֪ôѽʵúءſŷĶԱ˵û߱ร͸ƣֻ֪ңԳôҲ֪Ϊʲôϲ˵㣬Ҫǲжá 

ĬˣҵһҲ˵̫ˣ˵ļɻ֮˭Ը̸ԼأٿҲʵ̫ˣ͵ȥ˯ˡ 

 

ʱѾˣæϴһ£ܣ컹¶أɲܵˡ 

ܻصãСɻûһżҵĻʩʩȻģر̣ҪҪӵģڳ¶ɴԼˣ˶ӸȥȲ衭 

ɵĹѾʼĳߴˣҲֹãֻƽУǲϺͿʽһҪãȫ˲֪ҪʲôֶֺĸˣҪÿɫĲ϶һɫɫҪСŪţǱ˾ͳȥˣһȥСǡ 

µһѶǵصĳˣ¼ŮСɣѩΪ˵룬Ů˵У¶ŮȴԺ첹ʣһЦ̽ͷǧ谮һǾͺúôһ°ɣҵ£ȫĲϣСɾ˵ֻҵĲϣ׼ˣҳׯ׼Ʒƣҡڵʮһ߰ʲôȥɣ 

ֻһ죬Сɻ·ʮƥӡ 

ڶ㣬ɹ 

-- 
л˵ 
Һãø˴дôңøˣҵĽ˰аѽ 

øˣøˣԣҾŰˣһҪĪĪǸô 

˵壬ͿˣԼ°ɣΪĪĪ֪ѣΪĪĪõѣ֮ǰأҲҪһĥѵģϾѾ֮ˣŰһ£еԲĪĪҪĻ͵ſ²˼Ĺ°ɣʱþתҵˡƪʵû취ĪĪһˣдˣٻ˭ˣֻѾʮѽѵΪҪдʮĳôܵİ 

Ҫǻ˵ĻˣдддĪĪ֮󣬴ҪǾòжǲĻôôȥˣټӶʮ֣ѾдOKô 
[caihua/qiu] 


60 ƽ 

ѸٵĺĻҲԽȫû˵Ҹʱ󡭡ţǵжôۣ룬ֻһֶİ˵ĲΡңҲһģҲĮЩ 

Ϊһ֯쵼ߣȻ֪Ҫһϵ壬ʵľҲǱزٵģȻҪһʽǣҿʼڵѡγɫ˹ʵƶ˹ȣΪı׼ɳڵģͻһĽ𣬴ﲻģ۳⣬һĳͷ֮ҰͰİ֪һйҵ쵼֪ʶȫóʵԱ䶯ƶƵĵ棬ȷ涨˸˵ְΧ̵ĿһǼᣬԱ顭 

죬ڵæĲɿʱСƿģҡ 

ҷеļ˲ӣͷһƣ٣ǱˣȴǶǫҺֻ棬Ҳ죬ңҲӦò֪ҵֺݡôҵˡ 

ҷһֵֻëʣӭһɵЦҾķʲô̫ô 

һ£һЦǸƹ񡭡û뵽ƹ񡭡ΪϴŪ£صصġ˺öˣŴԭ 

бҪΪС£ôüûºôҪң˵úã˱ڸʲôϷ 

Щˣң²û¡Ҫ󡭡㡭 

ҵͷãæԶˡԱ㡭 

ǫһֻ󡣬۾ңƹ㣬ҵô졭Ѿҵˡ 

ЦˣǫǺû쵽ֵزɣôҪô 

ǫͺˣƹңʵ̫³çˣ죬ְҵæңֻллġ 

ҵͷðɣһٷ¥룡 

ǫͷããﵱΣ 

ҡͷУҪ磡 

ǫɫЩʧ䣬ǣղײգͽɡ 

ҡͷУҪ졭ɣһҪҵѣ 

ǫͷû⣬ѣҵѣ 

Цɵˣҵѣֻҵѣ 

һҲ벻ͨΪʲôҡȻűﵽΪΪҶһڨǣҿΪʲôĿġ 

˦ͷȥˡ ҽ컹кܶҪұ֮ǰϵ꣬Ϊ죬ҴӦ͸Ҫȥģ 

һֱͷæµһֱ̫ɽҸСɽ˹ǮͿʼһ½֧ţš֨һ죬˳̧ͷͼС洺˽æһȥ裬ֻ⼸룬ͱǰ뻹ҪأߺŲ裬߲סڵĿңҿʼʱܺ£һɲãҵҵģǣ㶼û߱˵ʱɫģ 

̧ͷ±ʣС㣬ҲǸ˵ˣû¶߱Ƕܣʲôö 

Цģ㲻ȥҾͲȥ 

̾һôҲǸ㣬ԺûµʱҲܡŮӣڲǺҪô 

Ц绨ʲôѲɣ㻹ܳȥ 

̾㵽ܣӾˣһᱻȥ 

ΣɫˣҲҪȥˣҲҪǶȥ 

²豭ЦôҲʲôˣ㷴СϱƵģû¶ֻ㣬ҵ˵ҹҪϻؼҪҪҲҼҹأҲҵ㣡 

ҡͷˣҵڶȥϵŰݷðɣҹԼˡ 

ͷðɣҪǵãҵϲߣһ͸˵ˣߣǵðϣҪЩ 

ԼҲ˱ƷţҪȥǶȥãҪһ£˵˭ҪأһȻĬĬȴҲѾʼҪӦˡ


61 Եĺӡ 

ϸ·䣬ųţɫѾȫˣźӰǰߣˮʣ˸Ƕ԰ӳŵĵƻ𡭡 

壬Ҳûʲôˣһ˾ͼӿ˽ŲţǰӰζڵأǰߣǣǻȴһΧǰΧˮйͨ 

ұµģǣҶһۺ󣬾Ͳôˡˡ֪Ҫˣ΢һǷ½£С顯ֵɫ»ΰεģ۵ĺܣ 

Ϊ׵һЦţȴʮרҵЦȴһЩӲСôˣôһѽҪȥĶѽ 

ҿûĻش𣬡ؼҳԷ 

Ϊ׵һû뵽ôһ㶣һ˲ָӲɫ֪Ҫô˵ȥˡ 

ƿʼʱǽһߣһͻȻܹһ컯֮£ǵˣҪʲô˵ϰˣϡ 

ǫȻֶȺЦȺëеľͳ 

һȺ˵⻰˰ˣʱһԳˣһ£ȥұŰеĿ֣һһȫȥˣݵûƵģȥͲˣǫԽԽ𾢡ǽģϾˣӻһЩ֪룬סˣ˵ҵˣǣ˻һһĵ¡ҲֲˡҾʲôˣ 

һҲˡһӰ·ߵİӰ߳ЦţֻǼ첻ôô౿ 

һǫ󡭡ҵĶǺǰͣ 

ڻߵǰ׽èЦˣҪѧ˼Ӣ۾ȴԼﲼð졭˵ߵģ 

ǰһ°ĽŲֻҵͨѡֻ׽ҵİɡҸȥ㲻ҪΪ 

ſңٴЦҸҪȥѾҵˡͻȻ֣ס˶ǫѨ 

Ҿ 

ͷҵѨѽҪ˵ĻǶҪɱڵģʱһҪš 

̾˿㲻׽ҵġô 

;ʹӺһӱסңЦҶߴͰ͸ˣϹܣȻ¡ѽŲء 

ҴͷȥǸ֡ 

;ͷſ֣ߵǰϸĿҰΡ֪Ϊʲôһ¾ˣĶһҶ㣡һǣҲǣ־ҵȴʹٽУ㵽ǳԵú˯úãѽˡ 

ҳԳԵЦͣˣô 

;Ǳ̤βͣһӾˣҸҪ㣡ֲǸ磡 

Ц磬ͻô 

ҡͷܵģҵĸҪõö࣡㡭һҲһ 

̾Ҫû£Ҫˡ 

ŲЦˣңҲµ£һɴһ˲ҿüʧˡɫڴͷҿ۾ֻҪ˵һ仰ٻãҧ촽ͷȥ㡭ҪСġ塭 

Ҿ;ˣһᣬҳԳЦˣ㣬˵ʲôѽ塭ôݣңҸҪСҵУһӣһӾ˺ˡ 

ûЦƽûи顭ģΪˡΪǬģ˺»ᡭ̧ͷȻã磬ҪСġҪˡ 

һֱЦͣƭҿİɡ壬ôң»ʲô 

һӾͱˣΪʲô㣿ǰ˼ôҰôҶ˺ˡѴҶƭˡʲô 

һЦȴ˳֪֪ͣ˵ʲô֪֪㵽˵ʲô 

ͣƽЦˣ׵ֻ㣡˵ĺˣ˺»ᣡұ׽ǰͼˡ 

㣿׽ 

ƽһЦǵģһΣ㵱ôûãǱ׽ô 

ұͷţңţ׽ѽôǾ棿 

Цһ˿Σ࣬ҲǺ»ˡ 

³ʲôǺ»᣿ 

Ϳңƽ侲ǽһɱţ 

 

̾˿һӣŰɣʱʹҡ 

ҡͷˣ 

;ӲӹҵĲϣǿӲҪҪҪǳ¡ңܻѹġ 

ӰźãϸϸۣǺǵ˫ͫУƺָʣʵֻΪǬ£ֻҪɱڣͲô鷳˰ɡ 

˫ۣôأҵ壡ҲŲҪ¡ 

ֱ˫ͫ㣬ʵҲܹҰɡ 

;Ͳ˵ˣֽ⿪˶ǫѨһָЩˣʱѨԼͻ⿪ˡҪˡʱ˽ң 

ҵͷס֣ţСͣ㣬ҲҪСİ 

ĺһ£ͷȥȴϳ޺޵ĵ˭Ҫܡ 

ҵ飬ľͺùһԭҶԵĺأ 


62 Ҹ 

ˣҵȴѪģһϣĵ˵ϢǣⲻҪϢ 

ұۣƽһ£ʱͿǫǸ׳С͵͵ҡҵŭһӾ˷йڣ˰͵ĻɽεһεؿǵıǨһǷҪһ¶ǣֱ緢ˡǰ׳ô£ѧ˼Ӣ۾ôޣ̫ôôû¾ȥúѧʲôãѧ˼Ū٣´Ҫ˼ǵðѸϵӶժˣʡˣ 

ǫŵһҳСĿң˵ʱȻ¶һİ׳ձ顭 

Ҳû¸طˡָһصġʬ塯ʱǾˣԼģһȰɣ 

һˣȥﶼǾ£ӦİɣܲصƭңǣǻƭҵģҵҵĺܣַΪʲôأô壬׳ʲô£ҪҪŰͣҲмʲôᡭˣᣬᣬһᡭôһ룬ҵͺùˡ 

ҿʼһˣһǸᾺˣһġ񵱳뿪ʱҲ˾ôЦҪǾݣҾͿԼˣʱȥһ˵ġҵԺУͿʼ;һĴϸڡʱҾ˾һ仰ʱܶʱ֪ǰ˼뵽¶׽Ұ˼ʱı顭ƺǸˡʹҡڻ𣿡˵Ϲ䣡ûˣ˵ģ 

ڻ𣿡ڻ𣿡ڻ𣿡( ˼ƪĩ) 

ʹٴαۡʲôºûɵأʹʱͿʼˣôôõ֤ҲӦҵ𰸡ҧǿЦûˣ壬һǼ˺»ᡭֻţͰܰͣûйϵΪȻ䡭 

 

ҹȴŲƽҵżġڴϵĿˣЩģ⼸죬ĲƺˣϣҾͿó¶һİˡ 

ʵ˯ţҴ´ţת䣬ǰ硭ţ˯ôң˯ 

ǲеģôô 

̾˿żϣ磬˵ǲĺܲǻȰϱˣǶԷȴǻܾҡһǣȴŲǡĸҲŲ¡ҴˣӣĹţ磬ûаˣĶء 

ĬһŻشңңһܰˡǣҾãû취ҸԡҾܾҵİǣһõҸ 

Ҳ⣬磬ֲô֪ǲҪҸܰģҪôҸҪԼоô 

ͳĬˣһᣬź˵ĪĪãʲôҸأ 

һ£̧ͷҪҸֻһۻǺǻǸƶǽǼǳɹʧܡҪ໥֧֡໥һͬʣһ𹲿࣬벻ͬͬ̾ʵֻҪమദһһҲǺõġҪǲĻһһء 

Ҳ̾ˣ˵ĪĪңжϣ㡭ܵõҸȥ˯ɡʱˡ 

˵磬ҳһ׸ɡ 

 

Ҫ 
ֻǼį 
Լ 
ڵĽ 
һλø 
Ϊʲôһű 
ô 
ҾǶϸ 
 
Ҫѹѹɶҵ 
߾߲ 
 
ϸԼ 
˾Ƹ 
ҲҪΥԼ 
ûף 
Ҫ߾Ҳ 
Ƕϸ 
ҲҪ 
˰ȥ 
ֺα 
ǲమԼ 
ò 
п 
üȥ 
 
Դ㣩 


63 ס 

ʱ˯ҵĴϡ·Ѻ˵ġ 

ǣȴôҲ벻ôصءǵúڱǰġһӣʲôǵˡæͷϣʲôۼҲûС֡˭ͻطء 

ԺƺЩ˵ҲСǣÿ˶ѹ˰죬Ҳ塭 

һµóȥš찡 

ͻͷңҵӣǿЦôôˡǳô 

ָŵǼʬ⣬ô£ 

֣ü˼ˣȴƻطСغţֻ̾Ǽˡ㲻ý⡭ 

Ҷҵģô 

æҡͷôᡭֻģʲôء 

ҲˣдôĵôûƽװγֵĵôҲԸ׽ĵô 

ҿǼīɫ£зҵһϡȴĽ 

̾͸Ƶ书ƺ־ˡ 

 

һҪصģ͵ˣȻæĲɿ͸Ϊզҹ£Ҳһˡ˵ҪңһһߣȻе㲻㣬˶þʣҲ۵ĺܡ 

ţſգԣҵĴȫȫȥˣҪǽĺõĻȫԱɶһǮ 

æŵ£һ̧ͷͿ⣬ǫ¿ĥƵǶȦ 

ֻҪǼ;лðҾͿ첽߹ȥҵǰȥģĵô 

һңŵ˵Ҳˣңңզ졭û¡ 

ҳǫǮвҵû¾Ͷżôеת 

ǫͷ飬ңңҾ㡭־˵ôʲ⣬ٲ䣬ңҾáͱ˲һҾһ𡭡 

ʲôô 

ҽôеģ 

ǫˣǸеģҲǿһġ 

ЦңеҲһôֻҪ˾ͲԣĿľʹﵽˣЦɵˣҲϲˡ 

˾ͿͺˡðɣҵİȨ 

δǫʹͷɥ 

ҿЩˣԼ鲻ãǿء 

˵ǫ 

޾ɵ̧ͷš 

˵㻹ӦҪҳһٷء㲻СľͲ˰ɡ 

һָ룬룬죬¥ٶԡ 

ҵͷðɣʱԵöˣɱСѽ 

ͱܣЦû£û£Բźã˶֡ 

çĿɰֻǷһ˵Ҳɣ˵ҲС 

ٻصû˸ɻġһһĺȲ衭 

ղǰһ֣ͨѾ˿ˣұү󰮣Ȼֳͬ顭 

СӷŵĲߵǰʱֻøףе㻰ҲҸ˵ҶװģæСƹģǸղ¶ȥǸүǳĹˡܲţΪ¶ûٴʱؼأ 

ҵͷϿл 

ʵȥˣҷԸҺúøɣͺ߳ȥҵطȲɣ٣ܻ 

һֱ벻ͨǫôᰮңҺʵĲʵģҲܹ棬ô׼ҲءҪ˵Ϊôܰڵƽ죬ֻǸӢˣЩ֮⡭ϸûͿأôƫƫѡء 

֧ϣƵĺ˵һۣ˾ͺ˵˵Ҹ˵ĸоء 

æŰѱϴһۣЦһ˰ˡ 

̾ˣһĶҵġҾһЦ㶼֪ʵҰǸˡء 

֪ǿЦģܲˣһѰȥ׶񡯿ңĪĪ㲻Ҫ⡭ҵġ 

ԸƻЦ˰죬ɫҵĻأҲ֪Ҫô˵ֻ֮֮ɢһϲֺãƣʹ͸ˡ֮һ㣬Ǿúʱ̫Ƥˡ 

Ҵ֪ĿģͿǰȥЦһ˵˰ɡǸƵҺá 

æסƵ֣Ŵңأǲȵģûкòֻ֣֮кʲʡʺҵģǣʺϱˡ 

ƾ͸жһͿ 

ҵĤԶǵӰ񣬶Ĥͬʱ˵ǵ 

컯֮£ȻҵֻϷ 

豭һں¡Ȳ裡 


64 롭 

һ죬Ҳˣʱȥ¥ˣҲҪȥǾͲ粻к̶ 

СΪǵҲûٳҺҲ͵вǮķ֣ͼ֣Ҳһɣ磬Ҫٽ͸ˣСһŮӲڣڣҾһ£ȫͼϲɣ 

ˣһҲͬ⣬ԭͱҸӶˣǾãֻĸһԷǫһʾεļҲǾƺԡϯλϻڣӦû˼ɡ 

ˣɸȥҺе¥ȥ 

¥ӦһҾ¥Ҫڱ׼ǵĻûǣб֤ģϲż䣬ֻϲ¥ĴӴҲʮ徲 

ҺҪ˲㣬ȡģһһҲء 

¥죬ǫһˣЩ⣬ֺܸˣôֻ㲻˵кöô 

Ҹ˱裬ֵݸ㼱ʲôǻûأ 

ǫڨЦͷٵȰɡ 

С͸ˣǫʹкӴⲻǶүôôһϯأǼүɾŸأ 

ǫһ㶣ҵҲô 

Сͷʲôأ 

ǫ£СǸҵøҵȥк㣬һȥòãһȾƣһҪҡͲͬˣƹģҿ˵Ǻ̸ġ 

Цǲǲҩʲô̸ģ 

ǫż㣬Ҫˣû˼ңֻǣҵ 

̾ðɣֻһΣ²Ϊ 

ǫվңٿһ£ֻǵŸȥ·Ӧò¡ʱ䣬ҲˣˣˡôˣͽҺȥͶǫĵк 

СŸÿţȴλһˡһһǱˣȴݷɣˣݷɵȻǴǷӥ˰ǳɣ˵ͨӥԳȴҲٲҪõҩ 

ǫһ˵˼䣬йŰǰá 

һ۾䣬תתֿǫݷɱȭȵûأӥݱд񣡡 

ҵͷ˵һ죬Ҳָ㣬˵ʲôǷӥıҽƭˣǣôǱˡҵ岻ĳȥס·ͽУΪʲôǱأأ 

ǫϿңӣôˡ֡ 

ݷɴʱۿңֻһۣ͡ףһץһͷȴû͵һƤӦֶ䡭ҹܲôˣֻǼУأأ 

ʱѾˣݷҲһ㶣һֱУæְұڻסڵĺ壬ĪĪûµģûµġ 

Ļҿոʶƭң㻹жƭңͲڷӥˣǲǣ֪ģǲǣ 

˵ˡ 

ݷվһѱң˵øλЦˣҼЩҪ˵ͱҾֱһȥţȴû 

ŭĿݷɣ԰ҷλϣͲ˵ˡҾһֱ 

ңǱݷ˵ˣ˵ʱûпҡҲڷӥˡǣֻҪһ첻ͻǷӥıֻʱġ 

ҰˣҲˡ˿书ôãŲأ 

ݷҡͷĶˡҲˡ 

ӦţԼöôôнⲻ˵ġҺȻô˵ҲԣĶͽⲻˡ 

ݷ̾㳤ˣǸˡԭǺҵģҲ塭жӶϸҡֻġݷٿʱоᣬҵʱȨλġȴû뵽ǻġʮˡҲ첻С 

Ҿ濴˵ʲô 

ݷɿңһ˿ȣû˵ôรߵ̫ˡɣûиô 

ҡͷûУʲôûС 

ݷɿң̾ԻóһСУݸңҪټʱͰɡǽҩҲ˵ҲǶҩڶҵİҵġȥҹܾ 

ҵ־һֱȥѣҷ뵽ʲôȴȫ֪ʲôһָоָоƺ¡¡¡ҷҽڶʵ֪ģôͲͶ˵ôһֱŶġº͵ЦţŵǾ塭ô벻뵽ġǵģ뵽ˣ뵽ˣֻǲšֻǲԸšֻǺšҪңһһ˭µĶ ҳţҡ 

ݷʹüǶ塭 

ҲװΪʲôΪʲôҪ¶ 

ݷɿɬһЦʱǶˡҵҶˡӥʱѾȫˡ 
[caihua/qiu] 



65 ĪĪˡ 

ݷḧҵͷ㳤ã衭񡭡񡭡 

ҼᶨҪ֪࡭࡭굽׳ʲô£ΪʲôڶųΪʲôҪطӥ˵ȫ˵ɣ 

ݷҡͷЦȻϸ㣬һǲ֪Ķõġǣȴҡҵ֣һۣô֬۶ô͸뵽ˡݣΪɡ 

һͬСɣˣҵԺӰغϣ磬Ǳ硭һǱ磡ڵվʧǣңҪȥҪȥ 

ݷɻĶ̾Ҫҩġˣǲġ͸ɡḧҵָ㼴֬ۡһҪúð 

ʧٿָ⣬֬ۡʲôرô 

ݷһӣһԵģǵõġҪӦ빲ͷ㣬ǰˡ 

ˡô᣿ǹϵľܾˡǣֲԣĻô˵Ϊ̫һ̫ҸˡһΪʲôҡ֪Ҳ塭֪ġ 

顣ãҡ͸ֻĻڣڣǻȥѶҲٶҵġ뵽ȥ߳ߴţ 

űײˣվŵģֻƣжǫСɡ˶ڵǳǫڼ֮󣬳Ծ۾Ҫˡ 

ڶҵҲʧסˡ 

Ҽ͸ƣǽľֻˡûȥѶ˵һܼôվǰδйĽţĿ뿴ϣǴûйİˣǱôǺúݵġǱɡڰɡ 

ͷͼ΢ĵһ¡ 

һӣͱˣ˺ȻûƣƮϣģһӾˣҪγˮ˲չȫþҪѡԼôԼˡûôûߡ 

תܣҪһҪһҪ 

Ҳסܣþȫҵֻҵ磬ĹͷƵתҵֻҪҡҪҡһҪˡ 

žǰҺĴŴſڳȥ 

ŵӣλүҪλõͨһ¡ 

һƿ쵰ǸҲʶô 

һүǡǣ㣬ĳ񡭡 

ֱֱڳȥͷȵ߿Ҫңұľӣ 

ûңһ·Ժӡ 

һԺӣԺӣԺӡվסˡ㱼䣬ֺ绹ôĻô 

ҲǰߣҴӲ֪Լ˵СֻһСȴôҲǰŲ 

Һ£Һһֻξһɢ 

Һ£Һһֻáһ𡭡 

ģСĵĽţѹе硭硭ô 

˶أңȴһ͡ᴫĪĪô 

һֱŵͣҲͣס޷ԣֻǲϳҭҴδлˣһҳϵͽ 

ڴЩУĪĪôˡ˭۸ôô޳ 

ŲŲһǰþȫƽƿš 

Ǵߣվŵģ˭ء 

ҵҹ˼ľҽߣÿҹεǸˣԭֻľֻһǽ 

ίţſֻСè 

תңЦˣǱô 

û취ҵڱֻ֣ᷢ 

ø԰ˣЦſңģĪĪôˣô޳ 

ŷ 

һ˫֣ϺѾתɵɫ׵ĵط͸ˣ̾˿ĪĪѾôѾʱ޶࡭ǣʹңҲҸġ 

ȥΪЦ˵֪ģ 

º͵ЦˣḧҵͷǾͲҪٿˡ 

-- 
л˵ 
ҺãˣˣҸô 
ĪĪںˡҸôĪĪԺӦþͲٿ˰ɡ 
ллסС¡¶Ļתңҿ˺øжҶ֪⣬ôϲҡٴлл 
סľǣ㷢ˣҵȷøʳġ==+ ҪΪ̫ˣֲܷһ𡭡Ҿͼ޽һ¡ǣǣ´β 
УסɫҶдһֱǺģʶˣҲһֱд÷Щ˵ĶԣҲҡڲѾˣǣϷǱزٵģңĪĪٵദһЩӣҲϣĪĪҵԼɣûѡô֪ĸأ 
˵ĻҪʧءǣĳӲֻҼҵϵУҼȻҪΪҵΨһͿ϶3pˣңվĪĪģ˭ĪĪľһˡǿҪվĪĪϰ 
ǣллĵĸλ˾ҪѧˣǾͺúѧϰɣҲ⼸дһЩΪʮžҪʼϰˡ 
ҶҪ֧Ұлл 


66 ҩ 

ŶˡóǸСӣݸݷɽҸģ˵İҵģǽҩɡ 

һ㶣ֽӹ򿪿һۣͷַ뻳УЦţĪĪлл㡭 

ҼˣǽҩĶԽˡΪʲôڲء 

ҡͷġ 

ҧıסҪӦңӽԺʲô£㶼ҪҡԶܡ 

ԥţɻǵһͷðɣҲˡ 

ҵ촽ҪҧѪˣã㡭ҸղŸģǽҩô 

ҵʹĿҽҧĴ桭ǸǽҩǶҩ 

Һݷƭô 

ҡͷƭġֻǲϵá 

§֣֫ͷȴĻ㲻ҪҪǲжá 

ЦˣܻģȻҩҾͲˡ 

ף̧ͷ˵ǸǶҩš 

ЦǶҩð뿴ⶾѾԼҩƵĽʮˣǶЧѾ˱仯ҪֻԭҩЧĽҩѾûˡҾΪ֪ǶƷֺ࣬ԲŲܾ⡭ڣҩңֻҪҳδǲ֣ˣҲˡ 

ҼŻĽֵۣ޷㲻ô̫ˡҩԽⶾôҶ벻 

ŪҲϴӵϸЦСҵˣֻЩԡȴһúӡ 

Щ˼ôҲǰ͵ء 

ңٷŵţ룬ʱҲ˵ϳˡֻǾСкܴͬƺͬһˡұһֱɽ㵱ӣֻǽ㲻϶˵ҲͲȥʰˡ΢Цң·ᴩȴõ֡Ӧú޳ǵģȴС͵ӣô׽ȴ׽Ū򣬾һ͹ŹŹֹ֣ءҵʱ뵽ˣǣʱΪСʹͨãݣ̽ݵġ 

ҵͷ塭ǻô 

ЦС͵ô˵ģôǻˡֻҪˡÿˣÿ˲ò¡ֻҪĺǣˮܰ 

̾˿Ϊʲôÿ˶ôءʲô 

ºЦˣһѾûˡ֪ʲôҶ㡭ҸողѾӦˡ 

ҵͷãʹжǼ¿ʼɡ 

ͷǸ£ءҪ֪͸ɡ 

ʱİɱţǺ»ᣡ޼ţ 

Ҳ֪Ͷ˵˵ӥʱ޼ţΪ˶ȹΣҪźס 

͵ͷֻһ֡ʵʱķӥ޼ʵǰйġĿģֻΪ˫ǿʢݻǣʱӥõһţϽһ汦ΪǬ˵ӥȻˡû˲õ޾ǣӥ޼ŴЭ޼̽ǬϢαɷӥȡǬ 

ңЦˣ㵱Ȼ֪ⶫеġǣʱǲ֪ġº󣬶źȻƺʧʲô˻ȥ̲飬öС涼ҵöⶼٺ˱ϳšӥʱ룬޼ҵǬ˳ǣˡӥҵ޼ţʴ£ǣ޼ʸڷõǬ˫ֵòɢ 

̾ĪĪӦء 

һ£ҲǶŹųҪľǷӥ޼ҵġ 

ЦͷѽֻôǳԵĵɵʱҶơ˫ֱ˶£ʱ뵽һڡ 

ʱҪǱţ̽һǬ䡭 

ʧס 

ͷѾµˡ 


67 粽롭 

ҵ˱裬˵ȥŵķϣֻǱĻǺѵõȷ鱨ģԣҪ޸ˣźףֻ˵Ǳ޼űƵͶ·Ҫҿɽ 

ҽӿڣô˵ݼߵô 

΢΢ҡͷ鲢ûô򵥡㣬ǲϼ޹ȥġ 

Щ뵽ˣϱˣô 

ɫһЩʹ࣬ת˲ţǰݷˡ 

ˣΪʲôһֱݷɲẦҡԭݼѡ 

ͲôˣҵֵУƵһҲ书£޷ġǣȴҲʹ㣬뵽㰮ݷɣôҲԴ棬Ҳῴڶӵķϣ취ԣҵֻǰԴ渮顭һȥҲûлˡ 

ҽǷô׵ܵܰ 

סҵ֣ĵûģʱҶˡҵһȥûлǣȴˡдģǵȻа취ƽ޵ţǣҲ½һȥأʱٶ˰˵ɽҲû취ԸˡԡҪһʡԴסҵǣȴһˣ̽ϢԴһ˶̣ҲҪһʡ׽ҵģ 

һһѱ壬ǣǶˡԼļˡҽߣһɡ 

ŭķѾ䲻ˣҳôٴң˫˺ɱҾӣҳǸϺ󣬵ȵƬʱǱذΧˡҳһһĵ£ѪȾҲٿȥˡҾվǰ˵ҸˡˣǷĵ 

õʱ˵仰ʱľı顭ǶԽҪޱȾ޴ĺڰĿǰľɡһеһǿҵϣǷһƵ塭Զ΢ЦЦŵϣӦҪİɡ 

кұˡأҲǵˣֻһ죬һͻȻǰңôҾ͵һͷˬһЦҴˡǰˡӦҪҾȳȥǣ˭뵽ء򲢲ңҲ뿪ֻΪ߶ԶԹԻҳ˵һ涾ѩ 

ҵľʹͣܲĥҪˡҲҪˡԲ𡭡ҲҪһβп¡˽ҪӵȫȴԸĹȥΪҿ֧֣ȴΪظҼеѰ֣ٽסˣҲҪˣҲãֹȫ˰ɡҪֻʣ¿֡ 

Цңټ㡭ҾѾܿˡ 

һ⣬˺ܾˣҪҪأ 

һ·ܻˣǣṦΪʲôҺأҴ飬һ³ȥ㲻Ҫòáй¶ҵġȫԼ³ġ 

һ£ҡͷĶأûҵĻҪܷģ 

ҿһ㣬ҪҪôأ 

Цҷ²ô 

ҲЦֳͷϲˣ㷣һ²Ŷ԰ͨһºòã㲻ҪҰɡ 

ͷҲء 

վߵſڣٴʱȴ͸ĶûӬƵתƺһˡͨһڵأһ仰Ҳ˵ 

ݵֵɡ¶ҲֲǡǶʵˣ¶Ҳ̫Ϊˡ 

վ͵ۿңͷģ۾ǺأϾЩΪѣǸǫ磬СɡǻǰءǼ˸˻һܳˡء 

ңҲ̫ѿˣ͵ѰɣϴȥǴкɣ˼ҵģǲõġ 

ҡͷҺòײҵ㣬Ų׺ֿҲҪǣҪһֱ㡭粽롭 

ῴңðɣϴȥѡ 

ףҲţģ 

ͷȻģӽԺ뿪ҡҲһˡһ̫Σաôĵ£ 

ҿĵһҲڳסͷͺݺݵȥ׺ˣǺǵЦһ£Ҿȥϴ 


68 ѡ 

ҺǣٵǰʱСĵͶǫһΡ 

ҺʩʩȻ߽ȥ˾ͻͷǿһг㣬Ǹôҵ죬ôôÿġ 

ǫʹ࿴ң죬ʲôҲû˵ 

Цһ£ͷûˣҾǸŶʵҲǽиұǽиĪǵġһͷЦΪҲҪиġ 

ֽˣҵ찡㵱˵и˲ϰ㡭ҪҪġôߵǰ¿һͺˡǲǣǣеҮ 

ǫ˰ˣʱ˵һ仰ңҾ˵еġҲһ 

СɾЦ⣬ǲǾƤأҲֻ˵û뵽ˡҾ֣˼ң˶ҪԾһŮ˶ҪһƫҾ͸ûƵġ˼ǰģҲ벻ףڿ㲻ϲŮˡǸòٱġ 

ҾͺңҲûƭǵġңҲˣҳӣʵû취úõʲô¡ 

ǫɫһֱÿƺ˺ôģ̧ͷңһſңңզ졭ԣզ죬͵Ϯҵˡ㣿ǣǺ˵ˡҲ㣿⣬ô¡ 

ҿЦѨҵܵܣǳú񡭡ö˶ϴģҲǲ˼Ų¶ġ 

ǫһɲǣǽݱ˵ 

ұҲģЦ˵ݷôŲǷӥıأֻǴѽڣ⵹ûġ 

ǫһͨһȻˣ㣬ǷӥңҵղŶеˡھʹ㣬̧֡Ҫҵˡ 

ұŵһô㸸ףʲôˣһֱѵôΪ㸸ס 

ǫһûȻûҡͷǣǣղšղţ֮󡭡ݱͲһԣ˸ϻطӥˡЩˣҼӥ⻹ûһֽչ⵹£ֻʧǮƣǣǣ˵ӥǸʮײеˣڡΪԹҵղŶ񣬲һŭȥĻǣҼңҵҪܵѡ 

ĻҲ̲סˣתͷЦӥǸײ֮ˡǣǣô֪ 

ǳЦӣɣӥݵ£ҴġݷҲΪҪʲô⡭λӱֲͣС£ôҲòģҲֻֻ˰¡ڣˣȻͻȥˡ 

ǫŵǣ˵ӥбޱȣ˶Ҫɱȫҡ 

Ҽ棬;ʮȤװһ뿪࣬ѽǶ㲻Ҫ׽ȥڡ 

һЦǰһ̧ƮƮľͰѶǫЦӣʵ²ţǷӥ 

ǫˡ 

ҺǺЦǫ㿴ǲʮײء 

ЦˣӣҵҲûʲôݷ뿪ˣҲܿͻϵǣӥҩĻǺҪġ 

ֻһȴ˴󱯺ʹϲ˵ľȫйˣûѾ漣ǶҪǫһͣûˣôҶڼ԰ɡ뵽͵ͷӡ 

һۣʾ⣬ȥк׼һ£죬ҾԷɡ 

ͷʾͬ⣬Ҫ죬Ҫ죬Ѿܶˡ 

æȥˣ£Ҳж¶ģ̰˼СģкŴҿԣԼҲһͳԡ 

翴һųһŶĪǣҵŸʶǸءôỵ̈ˡǺǼЩҼϰˣ͵ļеֵֹġ 

ҳԵüˣͲŲæĸ裬ʱʱĵݸҺȡ 

翴̲סˣһðɡǣ˶˫ɶԵģŮôô 

СɳԾǸС㡭㣬˵ǡֱأǣǡ 

ҵۿС㣡ȷӦǴСô 

̾ҲǵѲҪڣҿǺдҷ緶ġ 

ЦҲŲأ㻹Ϊɽɽ첱Ӵֵġ 

뵽ɽҾ뵽æͷȥѰһ˫̫ۡˡƽھߡ 


69 ξ 

˴ңصϣο鷢ϸϸҡ 

ҾͬϸϸЩ㲣ɫһЩ԰ףȥ͸ӣ˸˵ĸоһ͸İ񡭡ҽ⿪·ٿ壬Լ粿£糺ɫİ߿鲼ȫḧȥƽûͻ𡭡Ұĸţ۰ҵİܿ࣬ȴΪ̧ͷӣֱ̶ˮŻǣסͷ촽˵ŵģ޾˼ֹֹͣͣշת԰׵ľԡ 

Ƥһ˵ķۺɫεĿҡʹļǿűͷǴһ̾ϢĪĪҲܡҵĶẦ㡭 

οûµġҲ⣬ֻҪ㣬ͺܸˡ 

ȥͷٴתǾôÿһˣģҲֻѡ 

ҿţ᲻ƿۡ 

һǾҵĴǡ 

 

һҵĴꡭ 

Ұ㡭 

һǷҵĶͷ 

һǣǣĸ 

ҵƤһСһСѸٱ̣ȼһҩÿһȼһɻ桭һҲֹ֣ͣ 

ҵڵأҸĲҪӼĺ 

ϸܵҵȫΪ֪Ļ 

ҵĿУ˻ķɶꡭ 

ԸǷɶֻ꣬Ҫе𡭡 

ڱ֮̿ϣտĺˮǻȵ⡭ 

⡭ 

Ѿǡ 

ȼǷŻʥ飬ÿһȻȼܡˡ 

һл 

ʲôʱǵĻһȵĻڵǹߺȻȼţţʱ֣Ҿȵķգųֱ졭ɫеľ飬շתڿառߣ㴦ţޡ 

粻磬ҲңһٷɢɢٽϡѰƬҵıѾڣҵ˼ҲɢÿʧصϸУ ԭʼֻǶĺ 

ɲԶһ𡭡ɲԶ롭 

̱ߣٱڻž䱦 

Һ͵Ҿ䱦Ҳͬҵ䱦 

ЦҰ㡭Ҳҡ 

Ѱơ 

Ҫ˯㻳һΣˡ 

 

ҳ˯ȥ֪˶ãȻתһûˣңûˡȻ𣬳һͷ亹 

һֻôôǴ￪ʼǴ 

Ҳôļôļݷôļô 

ҿҵ´æҵĵȼ⡭ 

·úõķڴߣ豭úðϣӶԭûŲӣôҵʪˡԭֻô 

ҳţġת䵽˱ǰ͵ţ磬硭ô 

ûл 

Ȼأһֻô 

ҧأҪ޳ҲҪ޳һֻô 

Ҿ֪ԭֻΡ 

ԭǰһΡ 

һдŽšĪĪôˡôˡ 

Ҳ̧ͷô̧ͷͻô 

ұůĻô·Ҳġ 

ĵţô㣬ҲҪѡҲҪѡ 

ҽסǱסҵ֣ϿȥͿǵĵ 

һʧȥҵץⲻΣôվߡô 

ң߻ط䣬ΡҾߡ 

ҿͻȻˡ㲻˵Ҫ粽뿪ҵôҺú¡ʧȥ㡭һˣҪô졭 

۵§ңǸԲֻǡղЩҪ졭ҲûԶҼȻӦ㡭Ҳſˡ 

ҵûֹͣղţΪʲôҪ뿪ΪһֻΡ 

İҲˮЩԥջ̾ĪĪ»ɱǡˡ 


70 ߡ 

˵»ɱˡ 

˼һս»ᡭΪʲôҪɱң塭ļ˺»ô᲻Ҳɱҡ 

ḧҵԶͷỺ£ֱ°͡ұۣҵĴûµġһᱣ㡭þҵҲϧ 

һƿеҶҪҲҪҲҪΪҶ 

ǹתͻȻȻڻĲƣңҺܺ¡Һ¼ʹþҲܻȫʱʱҪô졭 

ҷƽˣҾѱĻУƻΣʲôϵءҪˡһ˻šʲô˼ˣҺһȥҲˡ 

ҪػȴͻȻʮ־ϸ̾˿ˡĪĪʲôڿֱˡ 

ʱ֨һ졭һſڿȥ 

ıƿˡһ˽ͦ㿡ʣ 

˷·𶼵˱ˣǾ尡 

ǧٻغĳ棬ǧٴμҪ˵ĵһ仰 

ǣļʱȴʲôҲ˵ˡҲԾģ 

͵ʶǲԵġǣ̫ˡҿһӲĿһӱñȱ 

ǣȷֱ̫ˡ 

̾˿ˣɡ 

滺ҡͷұҪߣ 

ƽ͵ĿЩ£һġ˰ͻúܶ࡭ 

ɫЩľǲͬġΣֻԼ 

΢ЦܽѩĶ 

˶ˡ˺þòſɬһЦⲻʲôֱءұߡ 

ü⣬ΪʲôҪ׽ĪĪ֪Ǭġ 

Ŀתң֪ġǣϣѾû˻ǬˡȻᣬǣȴΨһ֤Ǭڵˡ 

һ㶣壬ĪĪС˼¶ͷ˵ô 

ɫһҡͷûСֻǣֵͬʱϣȴһֱͬʱ֡ⱾǲаΪ¶Ҳûˡ 

̾ĪĪȥǾְ˰ɡ 

ͷģֻҪȥͿ󻤷 

ºһЦô϶һҪߡ 

ҡͷ֪Ĳôһ㡭ǣڵĻ㲻ҵĶ֡ 

̾ҾƴҲҪġȻҪߡһذɡ 

վԻлһ̽ 

ǺαءҿԱ֤ 

ЦˣѾ˺ˡ 

һʱ䣬Ȼᡭ 

ҴվһߣһУȫ˵ʲôҵУããȻ֪롭ô죿ô죿ΪҶսǵģΪҶսһɣҾҲ֪⾪Ϊ˭ġ˭ЩءǾɡ屾Ͳðˡһˡ 

ҲȥˡҪ£Ҫ¡͵ĳȥǰҪҪ򡭡ҵĿ־ԴԼʧȥǸˡµ 

תž壬ֻҪҸߣͻᱣ֤ҵİȫΪô 

ͷұ֤ 

ҹϵͷãҪˡҸˡ 

ˡ 

Ҹ߸߰ͷԼ¸ңǡǣһиҪ󡭡ҡҪٺߡҴӦҪġ 

ͷãҴӦ㣡ϣߣ 

Цˣŵһ˿Σðҵ㡭 

ҶʲôءڴӦҪһһʱȴֱ 

Ҷڸʲôء֪ԼԾ滹һ˿ǣȻӦҪߡ 

ұԼˡʧȥ⡭ 

תˣĺϣһֻз 

վû˵ҸоõҵĴĿ⡭ 

û취ӦĿ⡭Լ޷ԭԼ 

̱ڵأ˷ڵϣܸĥҡ˫סʹҪϢˣԲ𡭡Ҫ뿪һˡɲԿ˶ʱҡ 

 
71 Ѫơ 

ĪĪ߹ЩѹĪĪԲ𡭡ҪҡҸǿһЩ㻹ô 

תĻҰɡ 

Ͷң˼ľģĪĪô 

ҵͷ֪ŵġҪʲôҶŵġ 

ɫôĪĪϲҵѪơ 

оȣʲôѪơ 

ңѪƣͻٶ֡ңѪ綾ޱȡֻҪϣͻƤá»׽ΪǬǬһò֣ǾͲҪɱġһǼʹ׽㣬Ҳ˸Ҷˡ 

ϣѪƷʱҲô 

ҡͷһЦҵѪơôҪʹ࡭ûµģ㲢ʲôо 

ҷֻסЩѹǲǣȴ˺ѹ 

οңûµģСͳԶҩĿͷС£Ѳҡ 

ҵͷῴңĪĪԸҵѪô 

ҺݺݵͷԸ⡭ 

ſҵ֣ȥ 

ڴߵ˫֧򦣬ûв֪׵ġ 

ܿˣɫҴûءĪĪٴλסңҩ㡭 

ҵͷһɺС裬ǡ 

һֻ豭ҩŽȥԻ̽ңĪĪҪ£ֻҪһѪ 

Ҳ£˳ӵȥҵָһӣٰѪҩϡ 

ת̽ԼһѪӿ 

ۿţȴûнг 

ѪҺ𽥽͸ҩ裬ĿţҩѸɫܿģɴס 

豭УʺѪѾһϺɫϵķڡ 

ǱѪٵݸңȥɡֻҪˡҵѪˡ 

ҴŨɫѪˮûɵһǸˣҰҲþȫҡҲȹѪڣȴҪٺһ˼ҵ˵Ѫ˺ҡ 

˫ֱŲ豭š 

̾һְǱˡˡĪĪûµģҶġһµġҲûϵ 

ҡͷûһ 

ûеһۡôġ 

ЦˣôҶ֪ĪĪм£Ҫȶ˵ 

һĬ˺һŷĪĪڵĶҪҪܳʱ䡭ǳ鷳ԣһһ졭ˡңҵԱˡôѪһٵ˺ȥôҲˡ 

ҳԾ㣬㲻˵ԽĶô㲻˵øҩõϵô 

ͷǰõϣңûʮֵİաֻһ 

ҽûʲôһһҪ¡ңˣҲҪ¡ 

ЦˣĪĪҪúûȥҵѪƣˡҿҲˡ 

һ£Ѫƻʲôãһζ˵˰ɡΪʲôˡҲ 

ЦˣҲûʲôˣֻǣҵѪƣ㵽ߣҲҵõ㡭ѪҺٶңҲûáУǣһ죬ˡĹƾȻˡһ죬ˣͰҽķӽ˾ˡ 

͵ƿŭ㣬㣬ǲԼ˹ƣͻˣ㣬㣬ҵʲôˣҼȻ㡭ô᲻ȥˡСУױʲôˡ 

ЦˣˣˡˡҲԣġ 

һίһѹ֪ʲôˣ£û˵˵ߣ֪֪žġ 

̾˿ȷҺء 

Ҽֱ磬ǵġǸиĺáֻҵʱ벻ףڲˣˡҸһ𡭡 

ῴң֪ġ㣬ý⡭ 


72  

һҹǰһǼ飬һǾҾҲ޷˯ֻǽס֡Ұ㡭ֻ㡭һδ˵ͬҲ˵Լڲ֪ˡ 

˵ˣҲͲ˵ˣҾֻǳճӡҵԺҪסǰɢĿҪüסĻȣһҪסΪҵİʱչüͷĴֿ᲻ã᲻á 

ţñ˴˵ֵİţϸŶԷ 

Ķ˵ԭ磬˱˴మͻһָסԷָȥ֬һĨΧָϺߵơָҲָϺòáǾһ԰ˡ 

ָҿһ԰ˡҼǶѧӣˡ 

ѹȴȫЦݶҵҾ˵Եˡ 

ٱңĪĪʲôʱҵġ 

ҾĿʼ䣬ʲôʱءΪʲô벻ƽƽĹˣĵˡҴԽʱգʱ𣬵һμҲͰ˰ɡֻǣʱ֪Īô¡ǣֻҪҼҾͷⰲġΪǿĺܣΪҵꡭΪĹذǵģһֱ϶ֻҶһϵǣҵӥʱټһϲͱҹΪ˶˵ǣ֪ʲôʱһоͲˡҲֻԳݹңҪģǱġҪңֻңֻΪҶЦֻһᡭԱ΢ЦҾͼʵķ裬Ա¶ذҾʹ޷Ҫ뱻ֻҪĿ׷ңôҾͿΪκ¡ôֶռ˼ǰô 

ˣռֻҪֻҪܰңҿԷ硭뱻谮ţţ˵黰⻰ֻ˵ңҪȫõģġֻҪҡ 

ϵٻأҵξһΪҵļֻƬǣǵģٻأҵ˯齱ߣһҡĵ֪˭Ҳҳϡ׾ͿҰģֻƾоͿԴ˼˵ƻɺҶϵóĵһ 

ҾͲȻһЦ̫ˡ˭ǵء 

ģǣء 

ǰôءҲǰģֻǰʱʱʹûԹ 

ЩˣԶעԵ޷ݡž壬ǣˣˡ 

Ϊҵ磬ŵΪҲᰮҡǣһΣټİľû 

ҰϵҶĸоǶԻ󡭡Ƕҵ¶ϿɣҰϵģҶĶ壬ҵʱΪȥǣȴӦõʱӦ뿪ʱѡ뿪һߣע˴Һ;壬ˡҡһֱΪҰ˾壬ȴһֱҵ˼ȥ¶ȴӲϸ͵Ļᡭǣˣ֪ʱǰġֻǣİȫͬġ 

Ұ丵ϸϸԶ೤ȡ֮ߡ 

Ұ壬ȴ׵һܹ󣬻ҷ𡭡 

̧ͷһһ䶼Ҫ壬ڣˡ 

о⣬ĪĪԲҡֻҪһ˶㡭 

ҾЦˣãҵأ߸˵ĹǰӦҪһƵġڶûиҡ 

ͷûһϽȥϲʲôģǾһ 

ҿӦţõġ 

Ѿȫˣ߶עˮ 

ڡʲô 

ЦţҪˮģÿգҪˮаڵĶƳһЩ סС顯Ҫǲ˵Ҷˡﲹһ£̫Ӳˡֻƽϴˮûģ˹ƶʱõˮжġĪĪӦûģҪ̫𣬾ͲˡҾÿPASSô 

һȻ򣬡ѹϴҿԺڿӣ˵ҪϴˮءҵʱΪΪ 

ͿյĪĪ㵱ʱҵءôԵ޹ʵ¶ء 

ҾͲ˼ ǸҵʱҲѹġΪѾúʶͬء 

ƻһЦ㻹ʱǺܸ˵ġ 

Ҳ㻵ˣװɱ磬˼Ҹ˵˺ö¡һ͵͵ЦҰɡ 

ʹչҵҪ˵ô¸ҡôءôᷢ㰮ҾҰһء 

Ҳеģ֪ڷӥʱôҪġ 

̾˿ʱֻԼˡء 

ҧ֪Ҳġ 

Цˣ˵ˣ֪㲻֮󣬲ͳô 

Ҿû˵ˣҲ̾ţǣ۵ӣ̫ˡ 

濴ңĪĪңһȥġ 

ҺЦӦţ˵ˣһ 


73 ͤ 

⣬𣬡ϣˮѾ׼ˡ 

ӦһҪˣңĪĪ˯һ£ҹȥ˹ 

ҲϣҪһ𡭡 

ֳһĨ糺죬ڵĻңôܰ˹ء 

ҵûĻͳԳЦء 

Ͱһӱƽڴϣ˯һ°ɣҺܿͻ 

Ȼܿͻˣʱһȥû˯šһţҾһµô 

ӣȷһЩ񡭡أͲˣĪĪϴһ£ȥԷɡ 

ҵͷƺã´ȥ˷ǳȥתתɡݣûôȥߡƽڵġ 

ЦĪĪϲǼҵôϲĻɡ 

ˣЩġ 

Ҳ˵ˣЦһ£ҽȥ죬ϵľӪһֱҲãӦöûʲôֻҪ۸ʣǾͻġ 

ҡͷˣһȥ֪ 

ͣסŲתңĪĪ㲻µġһٴꡭϲٶ࿪ҡʱôɡ 

ҲȻһЦðġ 

Ҿǣҵ֣ߣȵʱ͸ƶڵǣˣæ׼ 

ͻȻһ¶ǸүŶأ 

Ե˵ͷ 

ͷԸпʱȥɣ粻񣬾͸˰ɡ 

Ӧšߣ˾Ѿˡ 

к첻ͬգľǸԲԲҲѵһԷ 

ƣƿ͵ͷһɡ³˷Ҳȥתתɡ 

ҾЦ˵ôǵȥɣҰտ磡 

һ죬ˣ 

ҾǴ˵ݳĶأ 

룬ŵʵͤǲԶľɫǺܲġ 

˵ͤû뵽ǲԶ²Ķð£Ǿȥͤɡ 

νֻǵЦҪȥȥɣ 

ͷ͹ȥȥ 

Ҽǵ˵ͤλݳԪڣϵһ԰δʫǱһ£ 

ҴҴҳ˼ڷ˰׼Щģˮ裬ٴ棬ӣȻˣв±ˮвʯһ׶ˡҲҪˣ㾲š 

һֱָæҴôһѣЦҪͤԶô 

֪ҲҵͷЦģǳȥҰͰɣ 

Ұͣ 

ղŶ˵Զ 

һ·ƽȣٿʱѾˡ 

ͤ԰չȻͬѰδ԰ţˮػӭ硣ҼϲóͣһߣȻȥˡǣĴĿе©԰ɽɽˮˮȫΪһ塣԰ҲɽΪɽϹľ졭ͤɽϡ 

ָָͤͻصúöǣҵ־ͤȥǺȥûеǸߵĲͷԲûʲôˣֻһ͵ǵͤʱ¿żƾˮɽʯᾣ 

ҾһԼһúˣְѳԺȰڷһźˣͳһԺӾˣǾͳɡȻڼҲãǣǳȻ¿أ 

һ㶣ĪĪ˵ʲô 

һȻ𣬡ѽˣöڻûռѽ 

һüĪĪΪʲô˵Ҷ̫ء 

ͷƻգЦҰ㣡仰öô 

ͷ 

ҲȻһЦǾˡĲҲûϵ 

΢΢ˣĪĪңҲ㡭 

Ц֧Ŷʣ˵ʲô 

ЦŨˣҲӴĪĪҰ㣬Ҫһһ 

Ҽ֧䣬˵ңţ 

ˣ֪Ҫôشźá 

ҵЦҪһһ֤ҿ 

ͻȻˣһ§סңסҵĴ꣬õģʱ䣬Ҿͻ֤㿴 

ҵЦǣѽҸʱ䣬֤ҿ 

ϣùһʯİѣͺųԡһֱ§ңͷֻܿңҰʯѵݵʱͳԼţûгԵģҲ˵Ŀ⣬ˮ 

һ̣ңʱǾֹģһ̣ʱģǶһֱȥֻĬĬעű˴ˡһвҪԣ⶯ҵ֪ˡ 

ͤϣһֱ䡭 

Ȼ΢Цţٿճ 

͵ͷðϻд̱˻𣬽Ͳȥˡ 

74 Ϊ֤ 
ҺĴ֦ͿҶһܵٻسóŵĽһˣͰѻƿԭ𴦣ϺҶʱٷ棬ԭȡٷ棬Ӻġ 
ҾͲ§Ĳһ£ûһµĴʵ㲢һҪʲô¶˳ҵġʱҲ̬ǿӲһġ 
һֱڿң˵Ͳ⣬㲻ϲǣô 
ҡͷҲǣǣʱԸ˽Щġ 
ͱңЩʹ࣬ңѾҵѪơ˽ô 
ָḧƽ΢΢üͷԸġ㣬Ը˽Щ 
ܵ͵ͷĿңĪĪ 
Цţ־Ͳʵˣ⿪·һڴȥƽظʵʱʲôҪ󡭡Ҳġ 
ҵŵˣԸо͵սˣͱӳúģʱγѪˡǡԥš 
Ұȫˣֱʵ䣬˵Ҷϣջ󣬡ңѾٶô 
ǡ 
ҿ䣬ʼԼϵĴӣһĬĬףʵʱҲӦȡء 
һӾתˡ 
ҡѽһУͷԼѾѹˡ 
֮£ͱ׼ͷѹʱǵҶϡȴѹϡҾͺһЦҪʲôء 
һЦˣĪĪҾҪǿӲ˽ȡˡ 
ҵֱĲӣ֪ôҪ֡ 
ֻҪ֡رصİʱҸ֣ 
˺ܾãŷֻ֣ҵĲҡڣӰģֻҵĿ֣ʹ֣˵Ұ㣬һֱ˵һֱ˵ô᲻˸ҡҶ˵ֻһô᲻ҡ 
ɵ֤ˣ߸ߵĿһУ㣬໥ᡭ¹£͸ľ¹£ҵϸľϼıѩ 
ͬűǰ໥ľ飬Խǧ꣬ŵȵԼҵȵ㣬ֺγҲȵҡ 
 
ѣҰſؿڣָ˵ǵǸ磬ÿ˶Լҵũ³ߣԣʨġҵָڵϻŵһأ 
˳ҵϿң¶ʮ塭 
ҵͷǣǾзˡҵзڵϻ˳ 
룬˵з˺ºֺܹͣ˼ңһͲջأǶԸʵ֮ˣҲᾭʹ࡭Ц׼أҺ˲ٵĿ࡭ 
ʲôϻ˵ֶô 
ſһ£ǣǶ顭ûʱġԺ󶼲ֿͷˡ 
º͵Цˣ仰ҾʲôҲֵˡ 
ҡšһ뿪ӡҪңͿ̧ͷǣҡңָʨҵػǣĹâҡҵɵϣ㡭ҾͿָзػǣĹâҲᱣ㡭 
ѽҸϣĪĪܾõģһͻȥ㡭뿪ԣɡ 
ҡͷҿɡʲôʱܿҾͰοͷĿһҪɹĽ˶һҪҡ 
ңΪ㡭ңһԵġ 
ҾЦˣңҸġ 
 
ԶԶߣֳǰסұһŶȥ 
̫صĻţٳٲҿӵһŽۺ죬ľˡ 
תͷȥĴ쳤ؾãҲҪϧεΡһǣþģһǣþȫһУֱȽȽĳȫȫײˡ 
·ǵûȥˡ 
-- 
˽ڿ֡ 
ǣҴʲôطҪأôáҲҵأΪûٸıԣΪ嶼ˡ 
ҲҪҲпԵġ 
Ĺ£ǲǺۣŵԣǹ 
ҷİɣҲǰôŰˡ 
ðɣҳϣ²ȥˣҲء 
ǣҺúùڰɡ 
Ǿзġϲô 

75 Ҵˡ 
ˣЦźģţò˶ãͻʹ㽵ǰº͵ĶЦе˵ĪĪˡǻȥɡһģԴˣгġ 
Ҿܾ˾Ľ飬ҪԼԴˣֳһ˪ҵ˼ȥܶʱҾϵġ΢µչҡǣڣҲصȥˡҲչңҵ˼ʣ֮Ѿûʲôˡ 
ǾߣȥĶأұ߱ʣҲûܻش𡭡 
ݣ 
Ҿ̾˿̫Զˡ̫Զˡ 
ȹ磬Ҿ߲ˣϣеġҴǰϾûкú˯ˣ쿴Ͽǣٿճˣǣҵβϵʱ̲סˣ㣡ˣǰдǵǶϢһ°ɡ 
ûˣ͹ȥˣʱֻȶԼˡڲʹңȰֱˡڵϣһʹ̾ղʱõġڷˣʲôˡ̾˿תſڵϣƤˢһƬ 
俴ңʵڿȥˣ߹ɷ˵ҵһֻ֣ʼ£һѰҴӵ㣬㲻ô塭ſڵϣ 
̾˿ҲأҪΪĳЩ˵ԭھͿĴϣúõ˯ˡ 
ͨڵϣҺűڻҪˣ˯һɣ 
ҪȴıסˣİɡѾˡңܰôء 
ҾͲˣţȴôҲ˯š壬ΪʲôһҪ׽ң 
һ翪ʼı䣬׽ȥҾͿ󻤷ˡ 
ҵͷȻأ 
岻ϿңȻ󣬾ͿԳϵҡΪЧ 
̾˿壬ɲ˵ȻˣǣǻǿѵġһҲţΪ˵ʲô󻤷׽ҡʲôأܰ㣬һģؾҵġ 
ԳʹɫһֱűĶ񼴽Ҫıɽٱ䣬ǣΪʲôΪʲôҪ𡭡 
ҾסˡҵľЩᣬǣҵô 
ʹˣҴˡǴΣҴˡ 
Щ֪룬塭㣿 
ƽҲôˡô 
ҵͷҲûбҸõˡ 
弫ĵһͷǰΪ˻㣬ǰΣɱǶʮ֡УǼҪġ 
һ˵ΪңɱǺöˣ 
ͷˣҪɱԭ󻤷ڣҲŵֻҪ׽㣬Ͱλø 
͵ߵҺεºܣȻͶǶʮɱң 
ҡͷǲɱġֻҪ׽ 
Цͷããþ壬ҵģҪûȥˡǣΪʲôҪƭҪƭң˵ǲ˺ңͷȻҪ׽ңٲҪ̱Ұɡ 
ҡͷа취Ҫܿ࡭Ա㲻˺ 
Цˣ׽ȥˣ߾ǳ󻤷ҪΪҵӣԱʮֳʲôҡҸɡ 
ҧ´֮ҴӦ£һ޷㡭ҾͷһУúõĻǰô 
̾˿˵̶ֳˣ£㻹ǲ˵ô 
Ҳ̾˿ڣʱ򣬵·˵ʱɡ 
ʹǿֵ򲡶ţϢĵȴطꡭǣسˡӰҲĺϤľغϡڿϺúõĺ˵ˡ 
ڳϣһֱ˯ֱ˯ϣͶʱҲתѾǻƳˡ 
-- 
Һô£ûи£ʱ䲻㣬ҲֻܸһˡҶ½Ŷ 
ǸסLisy˵ģƭˣǣôǱˡҵ岻ĳȥס·ͽУΪʲôǱأأ 
---------------------------- 
ףͷʱͻȻá롷һݷɵݣǾԲ˽ģĪĪֲ书ƺץסݷɵ·  һ˵Ķԣҵʱˡڸһ£֪ܲ˵ͨǫĪĪߵģĪĪԾǻ㹦ģĪĪ죬סĪĪӦû⡭ڲľݷɺĪĪľ⡭ҾɣĪĪѾٱסˡȻݷǲֻһ־ץĪĪߵġ൱ʱ˵ģֻ־ͻᱻʶơݷǸˡô 
ǣлLISYлл濴ҵġﻹ⡭һʱңҵıϣܽɳҲǼҪš 
סklim ˵ҲŶݷɱͲмڴĪĪĻôҲ˵ͨѽ 
ǣǣԺдʱҪע⣬ҪٳˡҲллklimͬļ⡭ 
лл 

76 㡭 
ڵԵģûʲôθڣԵҲ㡣Թˣطȥһʱûа취Ѿߡҵģ޷ɣ̾˿̾һڣȻҿ򾺷壬ƺҸüչ˸˵ĸо졭ƺû취գնȲһĪĴܸС 
Ҽ˵ʲô鲻Իطȥ 
վڷ룬¿ȥ۵ֻãҲ֪һҪʲôһֲˡΪˣЩ޴롣ڵĻһӵң΢Цĺ˵Ż˵ʲôӦöͷӦšǣڣĶأ 
򴲱ߣ£ģֿʼ̾ˡ 
ǰ˯Ķˣʧҹҵҡҽ˫Ҳ޷˯ֻ۾Ŀŷҹˡ 
ûãſڴһ죬Ĵ򿪡 
˭͵ſڿȥһ߹ʤѩ 
ҿˣһʧ䣬ǰ͡Ҳðܿҡ 
ҾͰѱһˣǾһ˯ɡ 
;߹·굽ҵıһЦ㵱˵ҾͲôҲʵ˵Ҫһ˯ġ 
 
ԼĺͷǺñӣһ죬ˡôҲŲҪ˯ء 
Ҳ£Լñӣһֱô 
͵ͷϵڣұǸپġû뵽Ɀᱻ׽Ҳ͸㣬ҪСô 
ЩѹҸߣһ룬Ըġ 
ֿңףԼߣ 
̾Ϣţô˵ҵȵġܰﵽҪġ 
;͵ͷô˵Ҳе 
ȴʱ򣬱ˣһѳᣣȴˡ 
һ˭ 
𣬡ҡ 
ҿͣˣŶˡңô 
ʮƽҪ͡ 
Ա˳ͷˣڣɡ 
űˣ߽ˣ͵ͷǴкˡ 
ᣣͷˣ 
ͷǣ 
̾˿¶Ҳǲ֪ġ壬Ҫ˰æͿҡǣҪ׽أʲô֪ܰʲô 
ҡͷ¶ҲǶŵĴʱʱôңܹ˭أСͣǰˣĸ硭㣬׵ģ 
Цˣ׵ѽ㵱Ȼ֪ʲôǬֻ˫ӲõһַǸ磬;ܽ뵽ġͰ˼ҵĸ硭 
ҡͷǲǰ˼ҪҪǣ书ں»ᣬ书ȫЩ 
ͳԾʲôƨҪ»ȥôأǸ³Ǹɱ˸ģ 
ҡͷģһòǬһ첻ɱġ 
ͽɵôĥġ 
ҡͷõǬˣͲĥġ 
ˣ˵װΪ˱Ǭ˵ĻͲᱻĥңû˵ȫǬʱҲô 
ͷ 
ЦǣҵĶȥǲǬأǸӣôţ˵ľǬأ 
΢Ца취ġ 
һ߽ǣһ죬Ǭ˵ѽʱ³һ¸ġҪʱҪɱ磬Ҫô죿 
ҡͷȵʱģֻҪ󻤷λãʱͿܽӽʥء֮һᱣ֤İȫġ 
͵ͷðɣ쿪ʼҾͲٸˡҲ˵ô 
Ĭһ̧ͷǵãţ͸Űɡֻǣٶˡֻ㣬Ҿ壬Բŵ¡ԣε£Լȥ 
;Щˣ壬ҵʱ˵޼ű»Χ˵ûгҲûвΧ 
ͷס޼ŵԶҲġҲҪ޼ţֻǣһ£ұҪģֻһ£Ųʦҡ 
;͵ͷԣ¶֮֮ңҸȥˣøȥɡ 
ҡͷУ׽ȥô»ͻȥŶţʱͻһʰСͣúڶţôһ죬ҲһҪҡ 
ˣĿž ԭ޼ĺΣҪ»ѰģЦڳԺڰˡʲôѰء 
Ҳ޼ŲɣҲϣǣȴҲ»ҲҪģֻҪɶʦĳŵˡ 
Ҽ˵ȻжԸղŵĻѾˣ˿̣ˣܶ˵ʲôأðɣղ˵ˡҼȻӦˣ˵æܹ˰ɣ 

77 ֵܡ 
ֻһͻطȥ˯ˡ 
ڴϣǺǵЦСͣǿɰղţһֱڽҸأ 㶼֪ж࿪ġ 
ŭĵң治֪ôģҪȥ»ˣ㻹Цó㵽˵ʱҲ޲أ 
ҡͷʲô˵ġһû¶ģ岻˵ôа취Ҫƽ¡ҲҲܣʱһҵģ 
;ͲôˣҲ벻ͨôģôᰮأôԼԼ鷳㵽أôͿ 
Ѿôˣʵһ֪ôеĶδ֪Ŀ־ͱóƮӰ˵ĶԣһΣֻҪˣôңȷǲκ˺ġңڻۣ֬ѪƣȻû书ڵ˲ص£޾κ˺ 
ٶ԰Ц˵ǵ¡Ϊĸô 
͵ȻǺţɫЩΣң˼˵ġ 
һ㶣˼˵ģ 
͵ĴЩԻ󣬺ԼҲȷԼ˵ʲôңÿκ˯һʱ򡭡μ˼ͻ˵ǵĸ磬˵ġ 
̽һ°͵Ķͷȴһӻӿˡ 
ҵȻ֪Ļ׼ģǣôʵҾƽﲻ֪¡ 
Ҳʲôˣ 
͵·ܵȾ˶Ǭˡ 
ҳϻô˵ 
ң˵ƽǸҪңúñš 
޷סĲһѾҵҽźȴ޷죬㡭ȥˡ 
ͼĵһͷǵģĶҵˡ 
һĬС 
һеһж޷ÿѧͣǣһȴˡаʱҪʲôĽأԽʱձǲģôԭ򣬿£Ҳ簲˵ΪֵܰɡǸǬ˵ʲôҲֵˡʱ£ֵĻӲô 
ḧ͵ӣȴûж㣬ֻǰºͿҡЦ飬ҾһͲţ 
͵һβһ죬ҵ۾･һƬˮ磬šǣҪˡңңˣûˡ 
һѰӵ뻳УİοšϰıŤԣڵң俴ʱʱңֻһֱڱ飬أ㡭ǣ飬ֻҪһ˵ƣͬȵĻ棬ܽһСңģǿᣬǣڣȴĵĿˡ 
ھҲǸѽȻҡ˵Ķԣ̫ˡǿ󵽲Ҫôһѹ 
Ҿ濪⣬ĵˡС֪֪ͣں»ᣬʲô 
̧ͷϸϻ飬ӳҾͰţһ߿΢΢ɳƵ˵¶ûж˵޹ʱ£ 
ҵͷУ˵޼ŵӥᣬǬ뵽Ҫ׵ģǣмֳʲô£˷ӥݵĿơȻ޹ˣǣûжԶ̫ˡ 
͵ͷΪ⹫ɱˡ 
͵ĳһǰռݷʱûоȳԻֻԻǱˣȴû뵽ָûоȣΪѾˡ 
̾˿ʱԷӥѾĻˡȻֻ֤ҪϢţͱǣѾˡԣʱȥݷɣҪæߡ 
̾ݼҲʮֲ򵥵ģۺ밲͵˵ǵûԼߣԼҵ˰ˡȥ̸еģ 

78ȷ 
ѾˣҵϣҲƽˣݷ˼Ե¡ˡǣȴûа⹫Ϣԣӳȥûȥ𴦣շתţҵ˵һҪ⹫ǳԡƽңԣ͵һЭ 
ҳԾСͣ㵱˵㲻֪ô 
͵ͷʱҵȷʱǣҺȥ֤һ£ְ֪¸ҡԣ£ǿ϶ġ 
һ˵֮һʽףֻҪȳԻݼѾͻ޹ô 
ҡͷǵģֻҪ⹫ǾȳͰ޼ӥжϣ÷ӥ޴ٳ޼֮ʱڶţ 
Ҿȵĺϲ죬ô᣿ôܣ 
һЦΪʲôܣͬˣңº󣬵ȳΪ⹫ˣԣĳŵֻһ롭޼ŵȷѾˣĳŵˣ 
Ұݼپһ֣ǰзӥյĴڣӥ߽⣬ôƾ밲˵ʵӦҲõɡ 
̾Ůкܡ 
˫ۿң ޼Ķӣ¶֪ô 
ô֪أ 
͵ɫһЩʹˣꡭˡʱģԾͲ¡꣬»Χ޼ţ޼ûлӦ̾һ£Ĳԣ޼ѾˣˣӦҪģ 
ءҲ̾ 
޼ű»ˡٺͻȻһ죬ʦʹˣҪΪʱûгͰѾˣǣȴûԱ˵ݡͼ˵ţǣȥʱ˵ҪСľ塭¾Ǻ޵걻޼Ŷȴģ 
ȫˣһ뵽һ£ʵϴҪ˼ȥΣյ£ȥ»ô 
͵ͷҼС˼ԾЩҾ룬ҪԼжĵĻҲͲԾôǣˡͲʱҲãҲӦôġ 
¶ôܹأҲ˼ԼҲŪΪ˰ɡģ 
ɫÿһˣţѾǸˡҲ˵ҵˡ 
ңЩԥм£Һǣҡ 
̾˿һ·˰ɡ˯ɣ 
˽ҵı䣬Ҳѧ̾̾ҲẦ㣬ͲˡҪȥһһӣߣҺء 
ֺγأֻһ첻ˣҾԲþҪˡ 
С͡Ϲô£û취̵סеᣬԼѿǣҼʣʱպļһһ´ҵ壬ѪģȴѪ 
ףԼĺӣôᰮңֿң֮󣬴̾һֱţǸˣϸչأ 
ôҵͺ 
Ŷ֪ˡһЦڳҵĴףôǰҵģΪҲתȥˣô 
ԵģҾôġҵˣô 
ͶңЦݿ䣬ɵˣ㣬ֻ㣡ҿóأһʱúܣʱʱҪƨɵģǣȴʮҺüأУǸˡȻЦţȴһҲϲ׽ˣǣȴʱֱġ׽㣬ңҲܸءɲҪҪúöأ 
̧ͷİҵġԭģȻ͸ҿ϶ǰҵġǣȴĹȥȴͻ뵽һȴǻ᲻뵽ֻһƷҵõĲ氮ڼƽڰҡҸҵȫģȴһҲղء 
ԭǰҵģͰˡûа֮ǰͰˡ 
ͻȻһɴηһеһжûʲô£ұսյϢĻãұ͵ͷȥ飬ǺɵЦʱˣǸϿ˯ɣ㲻ǻҪμ˼ô 

79 š 
߳˯ȥְڻŲһѰλãŤʱ£¶һط۰۵ĶƤʵı˯΢΢ǡľʳ˼̻ľ顭Ķͷ߽ૣ硭 
Цͷ鷢 
ȴһٲ˲䣬૵硭˵ʲôǰ̡Σ¡ҡ 
Ҿһſ죬ĿһֱͷеĽᣬһӱնϡǰҷûֻ̾̾У¾Σתֻ´Ҵҡ⻰ҽʱˡ꣬ǻڣǻָҿʱңָߣ˵ģһλֻǣʱ⻰̫Ʈ죬Ѿһɶһףγѡ 
ԭһеһжжԵԵ𣬶ٸֻأ仰ӡġǧꡭ˼Ƕ˵ˣ裬ǱþһˡҵĵܵܣΪҵǴôٿİͣ˿˯㣬΢΢⶯ıůҵϡողҲ˵ôǲֵܣҲ޷ġôֵܣֵٰءǵĸ硭һֱڣҲĿ϶ˣ 
ԭҲһˣҲˡҺǺɵЦңҸأһܵܣһˣһҵˣδԽҲǰһء 
ӵŰͣȡůů£ĵ˯ˡҵãôֵˣǲҲСʱһн̸ءҿڴŵģ 
ʱҲԸۣͶϰĴۣ¶һЦ磬˯ˣ 
ۣŷıϡ 
ͳֱۣЦ磬˯ǲʵءһֱֻñ˯͹Цţѹ磬ǲǰҵˡ㱧ģ 
ҰһۣԼҲЩ֣ұ˯ѽôɱˡһʱû˵˯ء 
ЦǺǣ˴㱧ʱҲһġҲˣ 
´ƤңҪˣ;ȥ»ɣԺȥ㣬ĺˣΣյĻҾȥ㻻֮ҲҪµģϸϸң˿ǰҵĶͷһǣ磬ԼҲҪСġ 
ҵͷ谮ĿһģҲҪСİ 
˰ͣϴһ£߳ȥҾ壬Ѿڷˡ 
˱զ쿴öˣǧ겻ϼѩǽٿʱѾǺеԲˡҼôˣҲͷһ룬ҴкҲˣǸϿЩЩ·ɡ 
ĬĬͷȥϳǣˡ 
ҲټҪˣԹڳһ·ϣǺ˵һǹĵģһҸоĵһ·ͣ㣬ֱݽһҲ˰£ȿݳŵʱҺ;ͬʱһģҪˣ 
Դӽ˳ǺֱˣҵһջסȴֻҪһϷûҿɵġ 
Ҳɫ߽ٸֹغšɫңĪĪѾǺ»ĵˣҷ¶ҪСġӽտʼǰ˼˭ô㣬㶼Ҫҧһ㣡УҪʮӡװҲãǱУҪװɵСܵС³ڼҷ緶ԲмΪѡģһ 
ҵͷǴӦˣ 
ָָ̣ӽ쿪ʼǲ̣߳ҪͷָʾҲܴȥԣҪʱ䡭ڼ䣬ǵ˯һ𡭡 
ҧסһͷ 
Ұ죬̾˿İɡǲôġ 
ֵֻͷ 
һ·ʮƣǣڴϣշת޷˯ҵߣ彩ֱţ飬ģ 
ȥѰס֣Ծһ̾˿塭㱾ôŵġ㲻˺ҡԣɣ 
ɤЩ˻ƣû¡˯ɡ 
Ҳϣ壬ң룬㲻ңǣڻʲô 
ʹҴˣҲ÷֡ 
ҡͷȥˡ㣬õѡ 
ƵЩ֣ĪĪҲ˺ô 
΢Цš 
ҵ΢Цҵϣҵβںҵ촽һ˲䱻һ˫סұǿˡ 
ϵĴıǣҵȴǯסˡ˻Һݺҧ˫ҵĿڴһ˿ζ 
ſңк͸ôΪʲôҪҡڣԼ޷Լˡſңſ򴲽ǡȻһЦɵΪʲôҪſء 

80 ʧء 
ӵͷͷͽ͵ġ׽ңֻҪһֵĶھߣôνİȫ롭޴ֻƽӣϥҵһζγиеڡңܵͷˡĳͷ 
嶨ңĴϢ񼢶ޡûĽҹ۾ɢĹʡ͵ıסͷʲôΪʲôء 
ҲҽҴҹľ壬İ˻Ҫİ 
ʼ޷ƽҾʼղҶҲ֪Ҫʲô˵Ҳ֪һҪʲôӺܲףһ͵ĻڣȻ䱬ֻǣǲӿĲҽʧصСҪôο 
ΪʲôأҲҪʵĻѽΪʲôͻȻң㲻ѾףҺôΪʲôͻȻֳҪ˺ң㲻ѾҪĵôΪʲôΪʲôҪԼѵľأ 
һ£塭ҲȷʲôĺֻǣϾǸᣬϵµġ 
ʼձͷ̧𡭡 
ҲˣҺ¡Ҿԭİο壬ֻûԵ֣һһֵİ˵ġ 
̧ͷˡǣȻ䣬һһȾ͵ǰȥʵʵĻһѱסģҪҼȥϵĵţҺ㡭һֱ㡭 
ҳʹҲҽУҵĹͷҪ۶˰ۡ 
ˡ 
ֻסĺ󱳣еһɣģ֬ڵϸıģһ㶣쿴ң΢һüͷ˾ǰѹס¡ 
ҵͷϣȫ亹 
Ҷ֡ȥҲҲҪ侲Ҫ侲ҶԼָʾȻһ侲ˣô 
֣һ£̫ˣܻѣͽ־̫ˣֻľ˰죬úʡ 
ҰɺãٸǺñӣߡһͨҲˡҰ˯ȥڣӦûˡ 
ʱѾˡۣͼ廹˿̣ۿҡ 
һƶûб任Щġ塭ҪѾ侲ˡңǰ⿪ֺˡ 
ҡһͷ˫Աɵúܡ졭˰ɡ 
ҧ촽ͷ 
Բ𡭡ңҲˡҡֻǣһʱû취ơ 
̾壬İô 
һ㶣㣬ڻҵô 
ҡͷǵġֻǲף㲻һֱŰ˼ô 
ĬˣһſңҲ֪ڣֻ㡭Ҫ㡭Ҫ̾һĪĪҲ˵ĶԣҲҲİ㡭ֻǣͰ˼һˡ 
ҸҪ˵ʲôҶһ졣 
һ㶣ϸһơȴѾⱼȥ 
ҽſţһᣬ߻ĬĬҡ 
Ǻ»ô 
ͷǵˡסҶ˵ҪСĵ㡭Сģ 
ˡͷҡָҿһ¡ 
֪Ҫʲôȥ 
Ȼ忴һ£ЦԭҲֻ˵ԭֶô 
ͷңġ 
ңǶԵġ㣬ߣҲҪ㡭ң˴˺ʲôҲˡڣҪ뵽Σȥ 
ѹͷȥһҪ¡һƽ»ᡭңһúõİ㻹һΡ㣬Ұɣ 
ºЦˣңһֱţԳСԣҪҶ㡭 
ҵ֣ȥ˼סңҪһ룬ĵӺСʲôʹʲôǣֻСʱǬǲ̫ˣҪдһĻҪܾõʱ롭 
Цˡ[caihua/qiu] 
81 һ 
»ܶʱ·ߵļһΪұס۾ڸйЩﲻһ棬һ·⵹⣬»ֲǹᣬܲܣ˭ɡ 
֪˶ãҸоƺһȺһһĻȣֱһʮƽ̹ڣܿ΢ĽŲл 
һЦͻȻڿڻ조壬ããǲȺʮˣȴСӶ׽ס壬ҵ󻤷Σĺð 
ͷϵĺڲժӵܿ˿ȴ򾺷˶㡭 
ҿǿӲƵǰϣ²ҪСӶԸǰҲ޷뿪ݵģһҳ 
ٴαǿЦ 
ŵÿȥ찡ҿģֻһŴ㣡ľҲһġ 
ЦЦЦˣŵúÿҲôģ壬ȥúϢɡСӣͽһܣ 
ƺһϣ׽ģΪʲôҪһģᾡҪ֪һС 
ҡͷ壬ȥôãҲ̫ˣʣµ£ͽһɣ 
򾺷ȴƶΪʲôҪ˵أΪʲôҪʮַߺ޵ıĻô᲻ᣬҡǣڡһԿȥĴϣһ˸߰վҲ࣬ϣߣҿı顭һô 
廹Ҫ˵ȴˣҪ˵ˣѾˣ 
ſʼңС˶㳤ûǲδ䣬ֻһɼ˺뾺࣬ұǰ͵ȥǰʯϡһ㣬жȴҲճģ㻹ʪӰƮ죬ȴġŴӵһ£ˤҲᡭ 
ҵ߳һĨɺ죬վֱ壬ûȥ 
ҵǰһβѾεǰҵЦţһֻҵ¶壬㻹޸ǳôµСˣͶͱ 
ҡͷϼЦˣֻ»а²δġңҲûС 
˲Ϊ⣬ôµС˶ҪǶˣҲΪ֣ðɣҪʵҵĻºҾͰ͸ɡˣңĴָỮҵĴ꣬ĨȥһѪ 
ͻȻ䣬һУͬˣ 
һ̣һӻӳȥĶ߷ݡҾۣȴֱˣҾŻͷһƤұСıţڿС 
βھУڶĻ 
ô᣿ô᣿ѪƣȻѩѪơܵġܵġЩȣ֣ԼǰᣬܵġôˡͻȻ̧ͷһȥ 
循ŵϣ׽ġ 
Щķңӻ֣ȥɣҪˣһܣǼ£Ȼһ 
޺޵תߣʱͷһۡ 
ϵıǼȵߣǣΪʲôͷ˲䣬ĿУҵһ˿Ĺء 
ұһϣȥҲɵȥͻȻ䣬һ˿ϤţתȣһԺٴ򿪷ţҲűⶪڴϡ 
һѷŹغáһתߵǰҡűͿҪҵЩȷ֣ȥߣ㣬ҽ⿪ 
ûˣ࣡ 
¶һЦҵģԭǸӲˡûô 
ͻȻ׾ڵϵΪˡ 
Цһãô 
ͷҡͷʱĻɣǲĸ¹ʲôơҺ֣ܿǣȴʱʱ㡭ЦҲ 
ҵͷ󣬻ҪչأЦһô 
Ľҡͷ⴦ˮڵģҪˣ˿Ǻ֣סպĻᣡ 
Ҳǣǹϵѣô㣬ôҽءһǶŵģһҵģӦƽгļܰɡ 
̾˿ˣզҹΪʲôôʧԭദᡭ죬ȻٴηֿˡʱҲֻǵȴᣡ 
82 š 
ԹԵȴҵϸһſңѪơ˭µģ 
Ҿ¶ҲûҪЦˣҲʶģ 
ˣĬΣõԭѩ濴ĻǸݽǶ 
һ׵Ŀ۹о͸ɻˡ 
Ц ЩɣôĪĪ㣬Ҫ;ԵȨҪѡѡһ 
룬ҡͷҲ˵ĸãҪУð 
ͷÿ˶ôģοѾ֣ôʱֵĶԾȨвǲǾԵøΪأ 
Ȼףǵͷ 
ͷ˵ǸΪ˻㣬ԼѪι㣡ڣȫµ˶֪ѩĶʮ겻³ôס 
Ҿ˵Ķͺ»йϵô 
ҡͷǵǣֻΪҺ;弰һɺ֣ΪʲôǸ϶İڲҲ㣬ǶµĶҲµһ涾ѩⶾʱҲ̲ҩһʱֱ˾ܡȴûнҩÿ꣬³ɶٸһţӳԣͲᷢ 
ǺЦ벻Ȼˣҩ˶ʮ겻Ѫ 
ˣ뵽һڣ￪ʼôǣǺΣô³ɶϲҪٻˡ 
ͷûԳ³ɵĸԣ£ڵһѾɳȥˡ 
ҵڵأô죿ô죿 
࿴̾Ҳ̫żȻ뵽һô׾һа취ġ 
ҾǵģֲԣԵģô֪³ֶǵأ˵ͨ 
һ£ɱ󻤷ʱֵİɡ󻤷ô󻤷أ 
ηѣˣģڷڣƽصҵĶߣǻǶԾ˵ģңܽѩĶʱô˵ţ˵Ⲣûʲôֱ𡭡 
ҧأһƵġ 
һΣΪҰɡôһѾ뵽ˣһֻ֪Ҫ³ɷǱѩĶɵѪơôһû˼ңȫȫԸɡһеһУֻΪܿ࡭ңңµ° 
һס֣֣࣬취һҪȥҺ;˵ܽѩĶ 
಻ŵĿң㡭˵ʲôԽѩĶ 
ҵͷԵģĿԣ׿ڶ˵ġӲƭҡ 
ͷһ˰аģǡס㣬ҪܡԣҲȥ 
ҽס֣ããȥˣȥãԽԽãһϢ 
ЦҲһʱ֮һʱ³ɻҲġ 
ӣǵȴ뽹ʧ֮һķҵĶһġ 
³ɵûҡڸǣ취˿ҵĿڣ 
û⣬ҵĿڸͲˣ岻Ѿ趨ˣǸСּԲǳˣΪռȻ뵽ʲô˵ʲôԣһƽë֡Ҽƪõģпʱݸ³ɡ 
ǣҷҵͲˣƣסȥҹ˶ҪˡµģµģǸԼ䡭 
ʧǣɫ࡭ǧҪ¡㱼䣬ǸҶߵĶ̡ĪĪôȻʧŵģŵģ 
Ҳβ˼ˣҵֻ 
ǣδΣҴоѣһͷһ亹ǧҪ¡ 
ҵĽҲӰ࣬ɫҲÿǼҵãתȦӣתˣͻһߣסˣҪһ 
ÿʱҾͻǧٴεʣϢô 
ʧҡͷ 
ʼʱһ̾ǣˡʱǾ߿տǡǿ⣬ĬĬҪ£ֻҪšҵҪô΢ֻҪš٣ֻҪš/֮¡ 

83 塭 
ӳ˴Լ¡ҳԲ£˯ţֻҪһۣͻͷ亹ľѡܲˡһڵҹ˾塭Ҿʧȥ˰ëɩסֻʣûϢ᲻¡ 
ҵңı飬Ҳʧ䣬Ҳˣҹܲôˡڣδֻܾӵӣȴž¶һ˿Ļҵ 
ô죬Ҫô졭 
ͷȥۣĪĪֻô 
û¡ҵֻˡ 
ͷҧãã֪ˡǣͷҲصˡ 
תͷȥĴָƴѹ̫Ѩıʮ֣Ϊʲô¶ԥſڣҪ˵ͱˣĪĪҪ˯һ¡ȥǻģ˵Ļû£Ҳˡ 
ҡͷҧңô˯ֻҪƽϢҲûҪǷƽ֪Ҫôɵȥء 
ҡͷҲ³ɻûҵɡĪĪҺ;嶼ǳѩˣԳ³ǲҪǽµġĶԣȥ˶ǸռˣҲǵԶԸңôˣ³ɻϾ˼㣬ɼǱߣ˳ 
ҡͷҵҲܻз¶ʲôûУ̫ˡҶסˣ࣬ǲҡǲѾˡҾ˵ʵҪʵ 
̾˿ھοңֻ˵ġ 
ҼУ˵ʲô˵ѽ 
סңЩɡֻ˵³һʥ̳ʹ˺б¡ڣɱѾȥˡ 
ҵڵأ࣬лл㡭ҵôãȵϢҲ˵ֱûг¡ 
һ㶣̾Ϊⷽ롭ĪĪЩ˯һ°ɡ 
Ҳҵҡͷʱٳ԰ɡڣֻڵˡ 
ɫѾˡ 
ҹˣңȴܵĻգĪĪȹô 
ҵͷǵģҡ 
ӿĺ⣬żľģǺãʲôʱ򱨴ҡ 
ҴͷΪҸѾڱˡ 
ͷԻóһССĽУҪΪҳҩǣǾˡ 
ȻӹһС衭 
ҩôҰϣذŪš 
ޱ飬ǵ֮ʲôնûˡ 
һʧʲôնûôЦ̫ʺˡ 
̱ڵϣֽʣһһʵдĪĪҲĪĪ 
ŭǸ 
ƽ˵ģǵҳȴһСôֽٻܸңҴʱġ̾ϢʹһУҵķվͻ޾Ҳýʲôǵˡ 
ͷããã㣬дˣһ԰ţҪһռҰת 
⣬һ£ȻһЦ壬ǷģѾˡ 
ҩ༫ȣǻƤĿ൨ǿסĵĸоѹסŻҵԺôһհףĴʹоʹӸʼȫӣſڣȴ޷䣬塭㵽סҳԵʲôҲû𰸣Ϊ޷ôıʣڽʱȵĻԡ 
ʱ콥ˣˣͰҷɫأĪĪ³Ҫˡ 
ҵͷȫҵͷججģ񱻹ˮ³ҪҡΪʲôء 
ӣʺȥأ෢ǵͷţ߰ɡ 
ٴһμǴĴϣ³ڸ߸ߵϣںһ̸˹վţݣȴһͷİ׷ǰվһߣһȥ 
ȥʱ򣬳³ɿңֹͣ˽̸ҵЦСӡˣ˵⼸죬ͷЩҪĶ벻 
ſڣôվš 
³ɹЦ㵱Ҳʲôô룬Ǹҳ㡭Բԣҵʱ䣡 
ҲԲЦ 
³ЦˣͲЦˣһǻɡİɡǸҳѾˡ 
һӾ㣬ƭҡ 
³ɾЦСӣûܺ滨㲻ô֤㿴 
ѽҾһĹҵըһѪӿѪҺ 
ʹҧҿ³ʾְҵ˿ϡҿ֣˹ûˡҲŵĿţҿʼҵѪѾûжˡԭģѾˡֻȥҵĶԼ塭 
ԭģѾˡ 


84 ʥ̳ʹ 
վȫоˣҴĿҵѪһһԶҵ壬ȴȫûʹһ˿ƺҵڻȥƮƮûʵ塣ҵͷЩͣΪʲôءЦˣԭ˺ǣҵѾѪܵȥˡ費ҪΪһǣ۾ɬߵˮҵᣬȥѪˡڣ޷ 
ҵߵǣľżʧȥߣҪ̲һ࣬ǣҪվšһҪվţҪЦţ˵³ɡ㷸һɱⱲӣҲõǬˡҲ㣡 
³ɵЦĻöˣа취Ҫ˵ġ 
ҡͷʲģ 
³ǰ³ɶ˼䡭 
³ͷãããͽ㣬һҪʵ˵Ǭܣ¿һ𣬾ͰСӽҵʥ̳ʹã 
ʥ̳ʹϿȥɱôҧ´ҧõѪҪɱ㡭һҪ취ɱ㡭 
˵ͷİһߡ 
ҵڽӴһ˲Ҳ޷ѹֵսҶ̫ˣԼõڹײݵ໥ײ 
ҵĸоѾչôѾ˻þΪʲô˵塭ʹ˾ 
Ҳ룬²ǣԼƭԼ 
ֻǾļϣΥˮġôٻļϣٴο 
Ҿ˴ֱȥÿ˶ԼССءұһİķ䣬ٱŵϡͻһҼеϤ 
ֵסԼ˫ۡҪס£ҵļ£ҵ۾˵š 
һ˫ĸҵҵ֣ȥһİ 
ۣ̾ȥһۿȴǷеһöСС𻷡黷ûġҿ˫ۣҴ˿̵ӳ͵ıסĲӣصĿ޳ԭԭ㣬û¡ 
һĺͰĪĪԲҪ㵣ˡ 
ҲϷ֣ǣѪĶûˡΪ 
Цˣҽоýҩġôûô 
һ㶣˵ǵûСաЦûƭңڣûзˡ 
ţͷ 
§ڻҵϣֻߡǣͷȴҲ䲻ɺɫˡеĶʱ̫ˣû취ԼԭһĪĪô 
ҡͷô㡭ģֻҪţҿκεĿ࡭ˡңһ 
ţȴסһϮ޷۾ҵૣҶϣʱ㻹ҳ˯ȥǰδеİġҵǿػﰲȫľػӹ˯ůˮôһΣҰĵ˯ˡ 
Ҳ֪˯˶ãʱ춼ˡҶ£ϻƤȵģҰַĲϣоõѪҺٰƣ࣬Ұͷؿڣϸ 
ͷϴЦ˯ô 
ҡͷֻ뿪һһ롭 
ָҵЩӣûҡ 
һҧסָ㣬Ȼ˵Ļҵ㣬ĵġĵġ᲻ҧˡҪˡƭҡ˵ѪǷ³ɶ̵ġǣû˵ǻȥɱ㡭 
ˣҲԸ뿪ؿڣûƭ㣬ֻǡһ뱣㡭Ҫҵòá 
ôβҵġ 
̾˿Ȼû¡ﲻ˵ΪˡҶȥء 
ھԲΪﾺģԲ˰ͷ±ġҵĻͲôģ³ɿĻôҶΣա 
Щ㶣³ɣôô 
Цǵδأһ֮ѶԸ˶డ;嶼Ǻ֣ҪʧȥΨһѩǣҪҲס 
Ϊʲôǲأ 
ҵգҪȾ壬û꣬жûҵΣҪģҪΪԸ 
ϣⱲӣܰ㣬ֵ¡ 
-- 
ǣҺãشҵĻˡľ鲻ϣ˴һƵġԾץдˣǣһˡûĪĪ˵ʵССıһ£Ϊ֪ĪĪҲһˡҲأ˵ǵȨ̾ 
ס̡ˣǸ죬ҵһξǰˣָĪĪڶΣڣֲáҪΪӿܹ䶯ԺûôʱˡҪӽд꣬ͼһֲҪڡǸӣһǵõġףлл㣡 
죬Ҳȷ᲻дҲҪˡһ°ɡ 
PSתص£İﶼ˵ˣϲĻȥðɣֻҪҵȨˣȻҲ֪ҪȨʲôã˵ҪšҾֻҪˡԣ´ΣתĻҾͲٽˡ 
ǣлҳ֧֣лл 

85 ҡ 
ҺôԲҪ˵ 
Ϊҹ䶯ĹϵҵģԺܲǰһµôˡԺʱҲôˡû취µĹ˾ҪϵġԣҶԲˡǣұ֤ڿӵģԣһдꡭ 
ѾˣѾӿµĽ࣬ҺöطģĿˣұΪһµλȷ֮ǰ԰дġڿǲСҷģҲ̫ãңÿͣʱҲҵθڡҾǲµġҲȹģҲ֪ĵĿ࡭ԴҰɣǲôֿģЦҲûôǺǡ 
ԣҵǸһᾡŬд꣬һĪĪҸģ 
ٵȵҰɡֻҪһҵסҺϹסˣ̫ԶóȥⷿסһסܾͲˡҿÿڼдٴ˾֪вСȻˣҲлû취ʱҵķʱҵĻľ֧ġ 
ȥ12µڣһд˽19֣ѾҵļˣҵĴŮҰ䱦֪ҲôλףңٵȵȰɡ 
ллλ֧ذ 
Һܿ 
ɲԵңҪء 
86 롭 
´һʪˣ˼ҩˮȻ󣬸ϡ 
֪ҪҵҲߣǣȴûĸӡȻˣҲ׵ľͱݷɿˡ൱ʱͶ˵ⶫиֵ֮ģҵǸֻƷڿӦþǼƷˡǳ³ɣԾһֻ꣬ȻҪ»ᣬΪ˲ó³ɷԼݣӦҪرСĵġ 
һ·ŴϽһűƤҾ¹ϸǲƤȻǰ͸ġզ಻ѣֶģǸеĸְǴɵǶˡ 
ȼٻصǰ뻳ЩģĪĪĲô 
̰Ŀеҡͷҵ岻ҵ֣ãĿģȴ½΢߽ʡҡ롭 
㣬Ҫ㡭 
ھôõĵȴ֮ûʲôĻҰġ 
ҪҡȷʵҸԸĸעУΪ㣬ҿʧȥҡ 
ô˵ʧȥءû㣬Ҳһ߿տǡҵжΪӦ˶ҵǶĥ𡭡ҿΪأ㣬ɲΪһһء 
ЦҴԽǧ꣬ԭֻΪ㡭ڱҵˡôֻ㣬ĻҿɲֻΨһ 
ҼеĿЦҵĴ񡭡̰ͬĿңһ京ĵõ塭ұۣؿĶ̴ͨͨϢΧУȶ΢΢ĴϢҰ㡭ֻ㡭 
ҵϲסƣҪȷϵĸĺ٣ɤЩɳƣһһģӦҵλð䡭ĪĪҰ㡭Ҳֻ㡭ҵĴȶϸܡǴů㣬һҼе΢Ϣ 
ֻһǶѣ桭ֻΪȵһǣֱĥж࡭ٸ羪֮񣬻лвգҳԲ£˯ˣ¡¡΢΢ЦΪҵһ䣬Զļ䡭ҺޣҵɵΪʲôҪ롭ֻǲȥϣѾΪ뿪ڣĻںޡǶôأһ˶ҲңԸ塭 
㡭㡭£Ҳ㡭µģҪˡ 
Բ𡭡ĶԲ𡭡㣬ôģҪġҪףҲҹҹʱʱ̵̿㡭 
ҽرס壬Ҫٷ롭ҲҪ뿪㡭һҶҪ뿪㡭 
ЦˣһΣĵЦӽԺ󣬾Ҫ뿪ҡҶٷˡҪż㡭ζʵ̫ˣ 
˵ڴϣʼҵʶٴңֻ˺֣ਲ਼ɫĻӡǡ 
ҵõӦԭȻҲ𡭡ҾãȴôãҲֻΪ˵һ̡ԭ̰ĵģҵŵͬʱİҡֻҡ 
ľǿļ鲪ڱеСۣƮҡڿеķۡһ̫ǿҡڳһ˲ʱʧȥ֪̱ڴϡеĽҡ 
̫ˣҲֻǼҲҪ֧ǣҵǲˡһֱûԹʲôټϾϵķɡĿȣ˶ˡ 
ĻٴȻſ췢죬ңö 
ãңʲôҷڴϣ¡ 
ҪҡͷҪ뿪ҡҲˣֻ뿴㡭ֻҪ߾ˡ 
̣ĪĪֻȥһ¡ٲԶǲеģ棬̾˿»طҵļǸߵġǲ˵ġԲʮ˵ȣȨɱ۵ġԣңһóԵĻ 
ҡͷҪߡ 
̾̾һȻЦˣߵһߣóһϣְұڻˣˡҴһȥɡ 
ұͷšֻҪֿͺˡ 
[caihua/qiu] 



87  
ĻɫտúܣĴ˼ɽȣԵԽɭ 
ǣһҲ£һסĲƤߵļ϶͵ҵЩʹҲѾˡ³Ǹϼһ֪õʲôҵʱҲֻһ⡭ 
ңȻͲŵߣԣǶڵһ·߹ֻĻңʮܰ͵͵˳ϻлûϨڵһֻЦֵָ֪˭ҪԵģڵǡ 
ҷڵϣ߹ȥһۣҲЦⱾǸģռʲôˡ 
⣬Ҫô 
ҡͷΪܼ㣬ֱֵĻͷû뵽Ҫ㱸ʲôԵġ⣬ӦǾҪġ 
Ҳ⣬ֻһۣ֪Ǹҵôô֪ǾҪġ 
ָŹҿ㿴вٵ̲ҩģ»ᣬֻм˿⼸Ҳֻо嶮ˡңӦ֪⼸춼ûúóԷɡ 
ҵͷ̾ġΣˡٿ֪⼸첻ϳԷôúݵġҡ 
һߣĪĪҲ֪㲻ϳԷģֻǼ֪֮ġһֱֻΪҡȴ֪ộ塭Ҫһ֪Ѿôˣôһˣļ尾 
ЦҶģҾ֪᲻ҡһǾ壬һֱô㣬ԲŲϰʵģ 
еĴ𻰣㵹Ǻ˽ô 
һæͷȴЦ§ڻ壬ŵˡ 
ŵˣҽţ֪˵ʲôǸ壬ô 
屧ŰӣţҶˡԷġ 
Ļߵǰ壬ǣô 
ҲңԻͳһֽιҵģպã˵񣬰Ļˡ 
ֽסдǼ֣ĪĪҲĪĪ 
Цֱңô¡ 
ҵôһ죬ǸǸҶˡ 
ֻȻǸҵģұһ·ĿСʱʱģ͵ߵ֭ͻţҳԵ⣬䣬Ǿ 
Ҫһٲؼʧǲˣһ͵ӪֹһˡҳԱˣҲȺˣܰϣǸǲǻ¶Ҫ 
廹ǲңֻǱ߽չĻ˳Ǳô 
ҡͷ˵زǽ֮һҵҷ 
ͷתˡ 
ĸҵգĪĪΣҰȫΪҪ飬ҪһǷģǰȹһǻˡӽԺϣ㣬Ϊա 
ҧ´ͷǣҵĺãҪʲôء 
ĴҵĴϣû㣬ѾȤֻһ֮ôϵĶ㡭ҵȵģ˵ҵĶأӦһһҪػ㣬رŶԡ 
ұסʮֿģĶô 
ͷѾûˡȻȥһ£ҡֵͷһۣЦĪĪ㴵ӣСͽɡΣҪʮɵİգҪС͡ 
ҼæĴʲô춯ٴִֻЩѾ롭ˡҪٴȴסˣѾˡ 
¿Ķ 
ЦĶôءģһġ 
˳ԭ·صסŹغţϡ֣ȥͷһͷķɫԣ˫һȪ˿˿Ƶ˳ҵָ϶䡭ľ˹èëͷ 
ɫܳɡʵû취ָԭӡ 
ҡͷ󣿲Ųء׷Ÿ㡭㣬Ҹϲĳɻ󡭡ұǸ磬öˣԼͷȾɸɫҾȾ׻ɫġǣϰʹһ٣Ⱦˡ㶼֪ڵӣжˡ˫ۣȴ룬Ҫˣʱ޿̲ҪĴ 
-- 
ҺãشҵĻˣסӱ˵ĿǶԵģҵʱдʱһʲôģΪҸ˱ȽϲзԲҪģĪĪΪҪ˵³ߣ(֮Ǹӡ)ԲŲòʨˣҵʱţһһˮܺõѽԾôдˡǣҾͲˣôҵɡ 
סҹǹ⡯лл㣬ǸˡæаѽһʱļˡǣԺע⡭ 



88 ּ󡭡 
õǣͿĵ﷢ 
΢Цţңſ˵ĪĪͱһǸţӺЩԾءŤҪȡ࡭ 
ֻԱиҧҴԶĽԭΪҪҿ 
һͷͿŤһ 
ֱ壬ЦĪĪұҪ㡭СͣˡκηӦͰٴαڻˣҲûϵ 
С°ͿңӾͺˣǵģ㻹ͦġ 
ЩߣˣҪŵ 
СЦʱڽԺǻ϶ͻᷢˣҪʲôţ 
ԾͲˡðɣðɣˣôˣƫҪôأ 
һѱסĲӡ 
ٴЦĪĪ֡ 
֣ûѽģ͵Ϯ˵촽ֱǵûڵء 
ߴп޵ĹҵĻͷ 
Ʋİ֮ҾͿ;ˡ 
ȡһվɫ죬ĪĪˡҶˡ 
 
ʵѿҵǲ¡ǣ̵ܲˡҾжôشĻҪʲôҪľҪ£ΣҶμˡ 
ӳʱĥ͵ЦǺܲģֻĿңٿ뵽ʲôƵ˼ȻˣǺ֪ģ뵽ʲôʱѾҵþˡʵˡϴˡ 
һҲתֻǰϹߣķӣһҲҿģˡ룬Ҿ͵Ӵˡ 
Ķ⣬ãԿϵӡԳţҹתˣȴ䡭 
þˣЩվһ¡ӦҲ˵Ĳˡ 
ҸҪһ´ҵϣұһůĻһҪͷϱ߾ʹȵϢСͣһˣڷʲô 
ҾסˣĳЩ˯ڲļͱһ»ѣ˶ѽǲڵİ͵ĸо 
ţ󡭡֡ϴ 
ףûзſ֣⿴ңѵϴôǣСͣڶҿġ 
 
ҽңĪĪѽǰ͡ 
ŷſסҵ֣ҰϸһЦԭ㣬һΪС͡ǡˡ 
ŷһģЩˣ㣬ôģ˵͵ôǣΪʲôȴֲءͷֵóģ 
ҲЩգǰҲ֪ΪʲôǷֲܣΪҰС͵һеһУ廹ģôҰţҲкӦɣأڷô 
ҵͷǶڡ 
Ұãҵļͷһȥɡ 
û취ܾ͵ͷ 
ЦķֵóôΪˣǸһ٣ӦˡˣƮġ 
ˣҲǿƮġǣǸָ˭ءаô 
ĵʵ˭أ 
㲻֪ôĽ㰲ѽŶС͵ˡ 
ҵͷһ£ըˡ 
㲻ãĳƷ㲻ãΨһĲҡ 
ҧҧһ£ǿЦǿЩȥɡ 
ƺѾ˳ţ֧ƺʲôһˣЦһ£վӭҡ 
Ұһ£ŤͷһЦлл·ҵһٻ㡭 
ڿ躮һѳ˺þôô棬ʲôˣͳҽУĪĪƭˡ㲻˵Ѿ󻹸ôǣѾйһˡңҲٰøġ 
Դͷһ仰Ҳû˵ 
ЩڣͳŰ£ҲŲҪأȥԼһˣĺúõġ 
ǺҵĶˡͻȻѺᣬᵽԼ޷ܡԣ˽ôС 
ҵȦЩ졭 
ΪʲôһأҰţȴ϶Իȴš 
òżˣΪʲôҪԼĲȥĥˡģңҵҸжôסȻþȥάҲܱԼʵĶϮ 
ҺȻʧȥ˳嶯Ҳ̧ͷҿǸˡ 
ңúݼѺô 
ǺѸȴһ̣ұڻǣһ㶼񡭡УһҶȹˡֻ㡭ұյĿҪ͸ˡĪĪԺ֪ʲôҡ˵ôңʲô㡭 
[֮] 

89 ͬܡ 
Ťֱۣҧгݵţ㣬㾹ұҺڨ㣬㾹ȻҺȣ㣬ôĵӡô㣡 
һΣקǿˡ 
һֱĬĬţһľˡںڻüġҪҪһ£ʵҲǺܲģ 
侲ڿڣһšǸһ¡ˡ 
̧ͷž壬¶һЦ鷳رһ¡мҪҴôԾ˵¡ʱЩˡ 
һʼ磬νһЦĲô 
һתͷŭĿ߿ݵܹô 
ҡͷߣһ֪̾㵽˵ʲô 
һ߳ȥʱﳤһʾһȣССֺһ£ûһεľ桭˭룬˻û˵أͱ͵Ķ˴ϡ 
ޡıϵġ 
һӾʹˣûҹػû˵һ䡭ˡҲ֪ΪʲôȻе¡ҴǶҲҶΪʲôأĲӦôﰮű˵ǸôΪʲôҪΪʲôˣҷе顭ҲӦֱ׳Ǹô 
Ҳ˵ 
Ҫ˵ɡ 
ί̽ţţСš 
ȥϿңĪĪôûôôôУô 
ǵġҵˮ֫һҲá㲻ҪѹˡԴճصϣֻǡʰˡǲ׵ġҺüǲ׼ʲôоġסٰҶһߡ 
ĽǶȣҿ 
ֻһĵ̾ϢҲôĪĪˡҴʼգڼֱոգΪ˼Ҫˡ 
ҾȵŴۣŵĿΪҶʡƵҲҰš 
ĪĪҰ㣬ǰͰȷҰĲСֻͣ㣡ǿСͳġӡǣ㲻һȻ塭ǣȫͬӵˡ㣬ֱҪģǻǣԣճȫǡʱΪСͱӡʧӡΪҼΪҰС͡ȴû취ҵİֻԶԶ㣬㡭֪ôҶ༵󡭡㹻Ľӽ㣬ȻʱҲϲ㡭ǣֻҪˡνԶҲˣҹ㱻͵ҵĸǰ˹ҼֹͣҸл͵ߡֻ㡭Ҳϣܹռ㡭 
Ҵţ黰ôΪʲô˺ۡǱװɣΪʲô˵ʱ򣬻ǱͷȥϿҡ 
ĪĪӦѾ֪ˣһطӥȥӥλӡңȥģҺǣֻΪ˵õǬϧСһǣ˷ӥԥˡǣܹҵˣǲʣ췣ң֪ӦӦó֡ǣҵǺǵġʮֵĺޣ 
ҲҳҪɱǲɱ޷ҪǵȨ޷졭ͻ֪࣬£ңŹӥġԭ֪һͼô˳ϱﲼһУȴԺݷɣҪͷҶԿǣݷɼ㣬תˡǾãԲס㡣ǾȥܻΣգ֪ӲƴǾûʤģԣҪҶʱҾ֪ߣʲôӡΪʮ꣬ǿ˵ӡ²ɢǣʱûǰ˾Ҫŭҵġ 
ĪĪһ֪վʱжˡңΪҵõĴ࡭ΪҿѰһж˴𰸡һΪǰˡţѾˡ 
૵ͷң룬ʱѾˡ 
90 жǰϦ 
ŵͷҡӺʹ࣬ĪĪԲ𡭡ʱһǻͷˡҾȻû㡭̫ҪάҵġڵʱҾ¶˾ģҾѾǣٲлˡҾҪˡΪȫұΪҵʾǣִˡΪʲôءΪʲôᱻ㿴㿴һ棬ȴΪʲôб㿴㾪ֵҾ޷صĴȥʱ򡭡ҾãҵѾˡΪҵõľ˵ͬʱְջȥˡұ˳𡭡ȴʧȥ㣬ĿˡڳͷҰ 
ߵĵ죬ҵĶˡ 
ˡҲٴұҪһҪΪ÷ӥ÷ӥߵ·ھٰ˼λ䡭û뵽ǣС;ȻҲҷĴֲ٣ҿԸ㰲ȫɡĪĪʱңѾԺһˡֻԶԶ㡭㣬㽻µѣԼС⣬Ϊõġÿ춼˵¡֪һ죬ס˵ġȴǺݲҪ뿪ҶġҪô׵˵㡭 
ȥĿڣҪ˵ˡҪ˵ˡҲáҲáҲáұԸһЩģҵģô᲻ףԼһ˱УҲҪһ˺£ôģҲҵڶˡҵôˡһ紵ݶģסˡҪֹ֡ˣĵܲˡѹұԼĻء 
ھμˣҲá֡㲻Ҫˡ´Ҳˡ 
̾ĪĪĲĲһô 
ףҲ̧ͷͻԭԭҲԴ׵ġµˣˣѾһܺõˡ 
ЦˣôǸ·ô£ 
ҴŹ 
ͷѽһǡ 
ұͷģ˵㲻˵ġֻԶԶΪСͣԹϵġҵʱѾ˵ҲС 
ۿңˡ 
Сĵ΢΢ͷ͵۹ۿɫҲʲô 
ҵ°ͣϸ˿ˡ 
ûУûСҡͷҡˡ 
ŵͷֻǱôðɣ죬ұˡ 
һ㶣ǸҪʲô 
һ£죬ҲСһͳƽˡ 
ҼС 
ͺЦңУ 
ҿ϶ĵͷУ㲻ˡСҲС 
صߣұصϣǣ㲻˵ҪﾺôҲСͣôﾺأ 
һ㶣йϵôǸǲǣ©ʲôм价ڡ 
ϣ죬һСȥ³ɡ㣬죬ǾҪжˡ 
ˣһ£ð취УѧҲʼ̾ðɣֻһΡҪԱ˵ˡţһֱš 
ЦˡʵʱӻǺܿɰġ 
̾Ǻ»ܶôΪʲôһãŷѽ 
Ҳͬ⣬ֻһˡ߲Ҳġ£ڣѾʮþˡһҲʲô⡭ 
ҿʱһҪ׽ģŪҵ֣ġҪԴ²źá 
ɫңĪĪ죬ﲻҪ뿪ǻȥ¡һ˱İȫô 
ЩԥһҪֿôһ𡭡 
ḧͷĪĪȻǲƣºʣһ𣬻Σյġ 
ҡͷҲ¡ֻһ𡭡ԶԶĿҲаҺòײܺһڣֻҪһߣҾͻŵ 
§ڻҵĶ䣬ȵϢҵĶһ궯ѽһߣҲŵѾְҵˣ롭Ҫô졭 
ұ۾ϣû֧ŵһ࡭ֻҪһͺˡңʲôġ 
šӦţҽĴϢС 
е˰ãȷǣȷţ㣬Ҳҡ 
ʾͬ 
˿̣ˮڴɫޱߡ 
[caihua/qiu] 

91 ж 
ҵľָоǱǰССģƲң񱻳軵ĺӣԽԽ̰ģҪȡ࡭õˣȴֻӻ޶ȣϺúϧҵҸ޾ݡ 
ʱҳ룬ûڻôġûиݵģҲҿҵһҰˣǣҿԿ϶ǣһңңּĴ⣬һֳȫƵ˲ܽĻôְͻ˺ãңܹõ˳İ飬ãҰҲȻģͻɸӳصˡ 
Ļٴΰ˯ϵϢر͵ҺȻԼеһӵеģ󱦲ء 
һеķհϣ궼Ҫֻ˰ʲôȨƣλԹͨͨҪˡֻҪܺһʲôĻʲôϵ˵찡ô 
ƺûҵĻƻƺ˱䶯𴲵ʱ򣬾ͿڴͷĵüЩȷ𴲵ƺ̧ͷҿҵһ￴Իɫʡôˣʲô£Ҿ 
ˣ͸ͷĪĪĸҵͷһ졭Ҳߣ㣬Ҫô졭ЦɣҵĻҪôء 
ҳһʲô£ 
ҡͷƺĮģʲô˵¡ֻǾ治ˡ 
治ˡҴ˵ҪжôΪʲô᲻ˡˣˣҲпǣжˡ 
Щͣ⣬⣬ôǣôأ 
̾Ϣôأռƻ°ɡһ¶˼֡ 
ʧ治ˣΪʲôҪж¶ΪôȻڣǾѾûбҪж˰ʲô»ᣬ»ģĴڣûκѽ 
ЦĪĪνϡǸڻǰûʲôϸ𣬿ΪһΣǶӥ»ϯˣֻΪһΣͲãһβһٲ»ᣬǽûкӹˡҵݳҪ¶Ҳܻ֮ǡң治ʧҲ֣˵֣˲ۼǿߡԣһԼ뿪ġҪĻǵжӦûûб˲ԣӦãûġ 
ҧס´ôûأһӱô˸Уһģֻǣϸҡֻҵİˡ 
˼Ǽ䣬ٴξһȴеأһ򲻿ϰֵİͣеĹɡȻˣǴʼϲģüͷʼǰĽÿ˶ڽǣҪô졭ʱˣ¾ʱˣãͬʱͷûбİ취ˣжɡ 
ҼСְᱡߴãϸһ飬ûٴߡ 
ĸĬĬӣһȥ 
ҵĲ֪ΪʲôԴתһĪĪкʲôƵģϡ޷һסӣֻãһ֣ͻԶʧ޷ԣʧңһȥ 
ңĿ㣬˼ã̾һҲգµɡ 
ұװһСС棬ȫ±ںڲΪû书Ϊ³³ɣһ̣ڷžòϵ׼ϳʵġǬȻֻԶԶվţİѾˡ 
ЩţҶԳ³ɵΨһоճʮֲңҵǱʶġ͵޼׵ȴԭʼĿ־ֻһ뵽ͱܵĻرһҪ򶨡һҪ򶨣ȻһẦ˴ҵģͬʱҲẦġ 

92 ѡ 
ǰһһ·ĬĬߵʱһ֣ɫأͺͰЦȻ˵ɰڴһ٣ǣҲ̫⣬ֻңԸλ֣ĽҲԱԴҾ͸򲻿ΪŻ¡ߵҵǰƽǰϵߡ壬ĪĪ㲻书һԶԶվţֵʱ򣬼ǵ˵ҲӺ棬Ҫ£һᱣġ 
ҵͷӦˣͷϵĺڲһռƻ¡ 
˰͵ĶͷЦһЦȥϢ 
ͷʾ⣬Ҳ߹ȥԺͬʱȥ³ɡ 
˿ʼһһǰߣһ˫ֱֽ̣ͨͨŵúܣָأѹǿҵ ҵ֬۱úõĲͷССĵ⣬ҲҰ 
ͨٴ߽ĴеĶһ㣬Ҳ̧ͷϹϾԶԶţ͵Ͽȥ³ž޴Ŀϣ˫ΧŰҵת 
ʹӽӽһ𣬾Ϣ¶֮ɫ˿Щ֪롭 
³ڵڵЦʥ̳ʹģֻʱ䣬ʳǬʵ׹һص㣡Ǭһ 
ӦţϹˣϺ鸣죬ôбڣСҲֻǿͷӲҵ˼£Ҳ˵ˡתȡ¼ٵǬȥǬȻˣȴ⣬ǶҪд֮ˣſöҿɬҲƾձģӦģ 
³ɵЦԵô̶ģȻǬѾˣɱɣСӼ˼Ǩʥ̳ʹ½ỵҵ£ 
ԵЩԥϣڶĺܣңҪɱһ᲻á 
³ɾͼЦ᲻ãСӶ󻤷ʱǷת۾ΪǸҳѰٻڣټӢģһһɶģ 
͵ͷЩļˣ࣬û 
ʱͻȻ˵Ļʥʹ㡭Ҫɱҡ 
ƺԾģΧ 
³һ 
æջʱҾ˴һˣ 
³ɷЦⱩһĲס˰͵͵İԼǰſ壬ԭֻó³ɵƮ벻ԭȻޣҿмľ룬ٿ׼ͷоЩëţӾת˫ī㣬ӣûˣҵַ 
³ͻȻЦһĺɰ˵ƶ׼͵ͻҾŴ˫ۡ͵Ķ죬ԵϵҲ㣬âһֱ³ؿڣһŵ 硭ǲĴ򷨣 
³ҲһݣӶЩǱ 
Ѿߵǰҵİ͵İΣͳУ죡ȥ 
ѾǰˣҿβϷâ˸ 
һ̣ҵǰҵһƬҰס 
ʲô¡Ϊʲô 
ʲôطƮƮΪʲô 
ִʲط̾ϢƵૣԲ𡭡 
˿̵ң˼άѾͣ٣ȫɥʧ˼ҵǰֱֱվţϵأĳбɺǰĹᴩ塭޷ǰƶ벽һӭɪɪĶ˵õô㲻ԼôҲ롭 
ãȻǰšͻûзŭֻãȻΪʲôأ 
໺СǱȥûлشϣεץһƺͷˮǱôҲ֪ĵСͼСͣӡҪͷӰ 
³ɵĳӲڰ͵ļϣԼؿϵһѪۣ³ɷŭͲ޵Ǳӵõ빥ʱһӰѾαСͣƴӣ׷ȥ׷ȥ׷³ɾ񱻰ëĶֱֳ֣ͰǷȻ˸˽ѼַˣǶǷ 
Ӧţ׷ˣҵڵأֻææҵİ˿ڣҲԼסѨѪѾôӿˡ 
̾һӭǰȥαס塭Цһ£ĪĪû취ˡǡԲ𡭡[caihua/qiu] 
93 ȥȥ˰׾ԡ 
εμȥÿһΣҶоѣ졭һֱΪܲģǣ֣һΣһˣҾȻ˿ûие¡ҵͷһֱô⣬һ㿪ġΪҵĻֻҪǻһ𡭡ʲôϵء 
Ϊ̫ôڵңֻߣҾ͸еġȥҾ㣬㲻ܱңǾͻ㡭 
³ڲˣҧңǰѪʪһƬСӣ㵽мð֣ұҪһϹģ벻Ǹ㻹ƻããã֣ôʰ㣡ͷϵˣŭ˰ǸˮΣָָңҵĺȥЦҾͲţ㻹ãа취˵ǬģЦǣ˿ڣɵȻüһ 
ұס壬ů̽ؿڣ˻ıϢ΢дϢ̾˿ľңˮΣһҲܴġ˿粻ʱΣգݵˮҲģ 
תֱӳ³ɣʵ˻ĳ۾쮡 ﾡ䡣 Ʊ 鲨֡׵ģýõģͶԲУҲҲõģҾͽͿɣоòõģϲ滻ǡ 
³һ㶣˵ʲô 
Ц  ƮҡС ȥȥ˰׾ԡ ɽӽ޽ 
³һӴܵҵǰһѰзʣ˵ʲôʲôʲôȥȥ 
ҺǺЦ㲻һֱҪôôҸˣ㷴ϵã 
³ɵһӾǺˣϲ˵ģոյģǬô 
һЦôô¼䣬ֻһ˻ǬˡűˣҲ㣬Ҳ¸㣬Ҳ֪ǬҲùǬ壬ҲԼԭһ 
³˷ʵ㣬˵ǬͿԻ壿 
ҡͷֹиȤء 
³ͻȻһЦ쿪۰ҳ³ɵõǬСӣʲôҪ˵ɣҲƽ׵İǬңҪԼô 
ҡͷҵʲôֵǮġҪģȥḧգ˵ʤǧ򱶣õǬҪúΪˣһղãǬһղȫҲңµҲûʲôģˣʯ٣òǬҲֻһȥˡ 
³ˬЦãҸˣ 
ҡͷɲҪƭңҪÿ϶ȥЧͬҲǬ˵òҪҩ滨 
³ɹЦƺܺãҼȻӦˣͲ滨书̫ߣɢţһɫѱҪѣԣҪסѨ˹ 
ҵͷã 
³ɵصž޴ϣĴߵҲ࣬ޱ飬ʱԴһĹ߽һǸˣͬһϮ£ߣǣӰҿ֮ȫʼ𶯣ҲŵһٿǡֺǣΪǰˣӦáǾˡסΪһ̣ͻԳ³ɳ֣ҵﶼʼ߳ˮ࣬ʲôӦ룬Σ赲 
ǣҵϣǰˣڳ³ǰ񣬡ϣˡ϶ˣӦӲ̫ԶѾȥĴѰˡһϢûر 
³ɵͷһҪҵҪˣҪʬ 
Ӧˡ˵һ࣬վڳ³ɵһֱߡ 
ҵıˡǾô 
Ц³ɣӦҵĻڣȻõҽˣ˰ɡ 
³ǸͷҽҲȥɣ 
˾ҽֱţֱߵҵǰҧЦΪʲôҪأˣ㻹ʲôɷģ 
˾ͻͷʾ³ɡ 
³ɽҲ˷ܹͷˣͷͬˡ 
ǣǰ˲Ż 
սȭɢǾ壬ǣ̫ˡˣҲڷӥʱҾЩϹһΡʱվݷģʱĿ⿴ң£ô 
ʱҵԺһҶʵѾôˡ 
ббЦЦҸôѾˡ΢Цңɱģôô 
ʹıۡ 
ԭһеһжѾôˡ 
94 ͷ 
³ɹЦģʱ㲻ֻ֣ܺúøˣֻҪ˺ãֻҪҵõǬСӾˣҪɱҪҶʣ 
˵ͷааңҧгݣð 
ƺ֮䣬ʲôĳޣǣҲ֪ʲôСͲûж˵ҲûУôܵôΪʲôû˸ҡ 
ǣö£Ҷǲ֪ģֻǵܵܵ¡һֱ˵һ£û꣬ҳٳٲжƺҲڵǼ£ǣҪʲô֪ڡ̾˿û̫˱Ϊ޿ô 
ֵ򴦴Ѩٷ˿ڣ˼ۣĿת࣬ʹĽٰ 
Ŀǰޱ飬ˡ 
³ɷʵôʲôô 
ҡͷûʲô 
˽ûû 
ֻǿų³ɣҲ˰ɣ 
³ϵˣҲǺصģʱĿһ˿ڣٿңüأ¶˾ģģҲȥɣһ㶼Ҫҿˣסʱ֣Сң 
ĵͷңߡ 
³ƺģģסûеõǬʱ㲻֣ 
ûлͷֻң϶Ｗ֡ðҲġ 
ҳһţ첲ģǣһǻͷһࡣ˿ҲңĿУƺЩġҧתͷһ˷ӿһ𡭡࣡һӣҪҵҵԸһǴϡǣҲ㣬Ҫвң룬ҲͬģֻΪǸˣԼҪ 
ұϳ˴ңСӣҲн죡Ƕŵ羢ĶȥˣڷӥĶȥˣҵ򦣬ЦиƤôĴҡһշ㻹ôĴŪ 
ǿͷȥͷӣʲôɽأ 
Цðҿ㻹ǿӲʲôʱ򣿣 
ٴα϶ţײײߣԹķ֮䴩Уұһм䣬һ۾Ϳ˿̻ŻûѡµѪҺһγɰۼɫ԰׵˾ưܵĲżⶪڸɲϯϡ 
ҪѾĵ֣ǣ£˿Ҳˣ࿴ҵУ¶ҵʾҵǿӲ֧飬ڵұ΢ͬеū 
ƺʮӣЦڽˣһҵҾͻΪˣô 
ҵͷеˣ㡭 
Щ㶣ƺô׵һûʲôɾ͸УİҶڵϣǼͷ 
۰Ͱ͵Ŀҵķţݷ˵ģҳ˽ȥ 
Ҳ̧ͷ󣬡Ϊ˰³ɴӦġ㡭Ϊ˰ɡ 
ıżЦҿ㻹Ǹ㲻ֿ㵱һ³ɵôΪǵжǳ³ɷֵôҲ¸㣬εһжҰŵģ³ǰҲһ磬ͻ缸գҪһҲȥ 
ҡͷҪſΪءҲҪǬô 
ĵͷǴôǻǬˣȻĻһƱ㣬Ϊȫұ𣡡 
̾˿Լĸ綼ɱˣﻹɵװТӡ 
ĲмǸҼİ࣬ȻѡȰǫ顯͵͵һȥߣͽɱӶ࣡ 
ҵͷ̫ʹˣüͷһֱš 
ʱһССʹ˷߽ߵһʱľվסˣòעǼߣ˻ȥ 
Һ;ͬʱȥʾ⣬ɣٻͷңúó԰ɣⷹǳһһˡתߡ 
ҿһ۷ˣֻѰĲɫҲǺ㡭 
Ѿߵſˣ֪˵棬ǲΪ˵ġḧüͷ̧ͷҪȾƣҪҵҾƣ㲻Ըɣ 
һתЩԾƵĿңЦĵͷѽҹܹ㲻ҪʲôҺͳ³ɲͬ㽲ҲᣡиЧķӶԸ㣡 
ҵͷµҾǐGϵһ⣬ʲôֻҪҾƣԽԽã 
ͷ˿ĵͷͬˣ¡ 
Ҳңת߳⡣ 
ұסĶѰڣҵҪôźá 
95 ˡ 
εı֣һֱȵͷþۻֱͷٴԶŻæİڵϣСĵİ˴·ѪҺѾ˰ɫ裬˺մƣһһİѪ²ҵˮ̲סӿ޵ϡﻩ㲻Ҫ 
һֻĸȥϵˮ涼ҿЦɵϣʲôءûµģ 
ҲԼ۾æֱ࣬ϸ΢ЦĪĪ㵣ˡ 
Ҹ̲סˣһϣؿҺ¡ˡңһˣˡ 
ѹ˿ڣ΢üǿЦĪĪԣҪ£ûµģ 
ҡͷôû£˵ôءôѪһ赹Ͳ֪Ҫôźá㲻Ҫ 
ҵ֣ĿڣºЦһ˷ִ硭˽ʱѾܿҵҪһգʵҲֻƤ˶ѡ 
ҲˣǾ˵㣬ˡҳһͻȻ˸ݡˣĿˣˡ 
̾˿Ҳû취¡ˣǲʵҲΪ£ǱҲӦû˰ɡ 
һҪˣ˵İΣѽ㲻Ҫǹı˺òáˣҪôءǣҪô죿屻ɱˡѷˡСͶˣδ㡭ˡҪٲѹңҲҪˡ 
΢üͷʹû˵ֻǰ§Ļҵı 
ҵĽƽãȻ֪룬һ˿ˣʵֵѨ䲻ϵãҲµóɵ֣ԶҪзֵĻᣡ⼸ˣס书ģΪ˰οңһǻǿװû£ǣңҲˡ뵽ͻȻͨһ£ҲһʼҴ˶֣Ķ֣ӦǾģ̫³ˣûע⵽оͺúõڰֽţǵݺݵĸһ´ 
ҺȻһ˿ɣҺȻãҲΪǬĿǬôȫûбҪôǬȻ棬ǣȴһϸƣһҪͬ˫̥³ҪõǬΪ֪һ㣬û˻˵ʱֻƬΪõǬͻǣû֪ѽ޼ŵĺˣǾֵܣֻҪھǰ¶һҪǬͷһģţǣֻ⼸ˣǻŰɣǬôǿ󣬶ŵİˣ͸ 
¶³벻͸Ϊϣǣûе벻ͨΪǾĵܵܡһͻȻЩ˷ܣҲ廹ûǾģҲҪģΪ̫ôˣ֪һйڶŵ£Ҳ֪ȫ޼ŵ£֪йں»£֮ϵͬڵѪҺϺֻҪ뷽вͺˡġԾĵգҪñ˵練ƣɱ˾壬ٺһ 
ͨ㣬ͷԾļȻΪǬΨһĽֻͣһˣбĿģĿıó³ɣ ҲҪҡٰҪҲͿóˡٿڵ״ˣСҲˣȻãȴϵĽƾĵǲҪʲôҵһμʱݷߵģʱĿʲôˣ֪ˣѾµҰˡ 
صңֻǣһ£Ҫ֪֪⼸һֱҪʲô 
ң˵ҪһݡȰǫ顯զ˵Ѿҵˡ 
ҵͷҪʣȴɫʮֲҰףҼæͷȴϵ˿ֱˡ 
Ҿæְסˣٴξ 
̾˿ҪסѨȴʹ 
¶ӪʱѧļȴѹǿֹѪġҹ˲Ͽˣ·ϣһᣬһ¡֪˶ãѪŲˡ 
ҲˡҺúõİƽɺãְѳԵùСĵιһ˿ܵĻȾġҰѾùҧ˿ϡüͷһ£ûг 
ҰܱߵľƲɾʵңҪ˿ûһ¡סʹô 
ͷĪĪɡңʲô̲סģµģİ 
̫дˣûѹҵҳʯ˼ΣֶˣҲšסҵ֣ĪĪšҲʹģ 
ˡһĴ˻˿ϡıۡ 
ûµġ˵ˡҲʹģʹѩʲôء 


96 Ұɡ 

˵ҵˣ;ѩĶ֪ûС־ڲʱٿ˿ڣѪǲˣ˿ڻֹۣ⼫ٵĻϸСճ˻ңڵֳҰɫΧ΢ЩףǣʼģѾ̫ˡûҩҲ벻Чķֻ˺εİ 

һֱº͵Ŀңƣ˲ϵġ 

Ĳ⣬ĪĹңҾȻӵ£һ˿Ҹˡ٣һΣǰϴԼĺҲͲҪҵ 

ϴһᣬôͬĻȴıʴķ򡭡 

ŵģͬĻشһҲûк 

չһЦһӳȥģһᣡΣһоͽҰɡ 

ȿңͷðġ 

԰׵ĴӡǡһӳȥģΣͻɡ 

ĸգЩͻȻ֣ǰҼеǸȫһĶͷ찡أǻŵúˣӲˡôˣûзĳʲôͷһֱֻǵɫ̫԰סȴû뵽ߵ¶˾񣬿ʼϷңڣҵǸССƿӣ֮ǰùģһ鲼Ҫסҵ֣΢΢ҡҡͷҪժ 

Ҳ⣬Ϊʲôأ 

̾˿ôǱҪ㿴 

ҿٵҡͷ˵⻰ҲŲģѽĻ͸üǵһֱߵģ 

ĿתĿңһҡͷĪĪǲҪժˡ 

Ҽ֣ͲǿŤҩˮ̾˿ 

æļʱ䣬ȵнŲʱҲ̧ͷ⿴ԭǸͷˣʱ䵽ˡ³ɻҪңЩͷʹôأҲǬѽһֱҧһᣬֻưˡǣڹϵҿɲܺ¡ 

ҵĲڣסҵ֡ 

ûãֺˡ 

ҵ飬Цſõġܻа취ģǬôû˼˵ʲôʲôһһգһлᣬǻӵģһ룬ҾУȻǬҲ书ǣЩԻ˵Ļӣǻģô׵ģ뵽죡ҺǺɵЦӦþˡҪ˵ڤôһ룬˵ϵҺȻãƭֱ̫ʲˡ 

Ҫ˵죬ҲĲ࣬ǵSUNģǸʵĺܣܻЩĶǼȻѣԾͳһ棬һֱǶŮģǣҸһֳҵ뷨SUNԲ˫ɫ۾гϰ֤ҵĴ󣡲֤еֶһΪ˲ò˹èSUNһֱھǰľ״ֻ̬һӣþͺڣҲһ磬־ˣҲͲϲˣ 

һͷɵЦߵͷˣû뵽㻹ЦóһЦˣ⿴ȥԭǾġȥ³ɵģ 

Ұ˸λã˯øٰǼ˺߰·ϡЦһЦٰģٺˣŴң³ѾˡڣµǾģ³ȻթңСɣּǣѾϣһʱҵĺ˵˵顭ǣĲͬˣҲ֪ľģ˵δ֪ľǸգƤȴȫûڱΣ¶ɡµģвȷĿģ 

Ҳңվţֻͷǰ¿ûʲôӣҽ˺»ᣬûˣģҪôߣҪô棬ÿ˵ݣﶼܡôԱϸݵı׼ʲôأЩĶ£Ҫһݺܸߣһ֪ġ 

ҺȻ뵽ĿʱЩСϸڣǲҪĺá[Cissy] 


97  

ҺãûдģΪһЩ˽¡̫鷳ҾͲˡ 

ΣȨһΡҲҪҵ 

 

ˣĻ˵ˡҿİɡ 

 

ҵһڴĵط³ɣһ̫ʦϣ¶⣬һҲʱ˵Ŀӣˣ˷ֱ֣ܵȴŵ˼ѾƭҼˣһΣƭңҿɲٶˣ 

ҵͷЦģİɣҲƭˣаѱ 

³ͷ㵹˵˵ǬĿھʲôģ 

ҾͿ˿ģ΢ЦŲ˵ 

³ŭĿĿȥȵ㻹£ 

ҧϵ΢΢ǹת뿪ˣʱغݺݵĵһۣ 

ԳһǣǲҶĺ⣬гһգҪѪ 

ҶԳ³ɵЦǬֻʮ䣬һÿս䣬ʱǷ񿵸㶼뿪ڣҪ㷢ģ˻Ӻôͽ޷Ǭңãȫʬ 

³ɵͷˬģ 

ʵ ɷ̫塣ϣ Ե ͯ ˫ϡȥӰ ط һ֮ƮȻǡ Ըͽݣ 㡣 

˻ĳ۾쮣 ﾡ䡣 Ʊ 鲨֡  ƮҡС ȥȥ˰׾ԣ ɽӽ޽࿴ȫģǣҪҼҵعķûϢڤ룬ֻ֪ھҲûôģԣҲһ£˵ضأǣȴϰ£ʵʫһףǰһ˿ҲûУֻʫдģͺ࣬׵ʫư磡ֻǴĦţǬҲ֮⣬ûлֺƣʳҲģһ£ҵĻŻ˵ĲСֻ첻ңӹһ١ 

³רעţƶǶģģҲжˣЦһ䡱Ҵʽʼ𣬼ţʮֱ׾ 

ҿһЩЦٿһв֪ΪʲôȴЩ̡ҵǰֻһΪó֪ˣǻˣǣ ȴҲŶ޳ãȻΣֻǣûа취ԭβԳΪΪ˼Ľڡ㡭ΪʲôҪõǬأɵģʵĻ˵ˡ 

³ֿңʵ̫޴ˣǬͿԵõ 

ҡͷ̾Ϣ˭˵ģ 

³һ£ǳ˵ģҵ£ǶѪΪұҲû˼æҪ˵ǶǬµĻҲͲˣ 

һ˵Сȥ׽ģ 

³ҡͷֻǽȥǬûãֻ˵ǳǻ¡ұᷣһ£ұҲû뵽ҵֻͶʯ·ˣ 

̾˿ˣԳ³һֱĲӵģôΪ³ǬʱҲֻΪ˱ǵ׻²ýĥС͵ͬʱ˰³һ䣬Ҳ֪ҪǬĴ׸³ɣǴԼá 

ȥˣҲûʲô˼̾˿³ɣҪôõʲôأûõߵ˾ͻһһ˥ȥֻʣһĻšĻҲô 

³ɹЦ£ʲô˳õҾҪɱҪҵĺ»ڣ鲼£ҪؼɣҪԼȨ£Ҫ˾ҳ 

пЦ־򲻿νԶ󣬿ǣֻ֪û취ʵֵģĪ˵ҸĲǬҸǬҲλðĻ롭˵ǳջˣ 

Цûа취Ը 

³ȻңСô 

ҡͷǣԹߵ£бȴ룬ֱֻһ֮Ը겻ɣ 

³ŭ֪룿 

ҾЦ㵱ʵΪЧôǰо壬Լ㿴´ã 

³Ц㲻ҪǣҲģԼзִ磡 

ҵͷŲţջȰңҪҸǬĸҲŵңʳһǵģ̾ҪҼǣʵҲǲģ 

³ɵɫЩˡ 

̾˵ǶȻޣǣ»޼ҲǲʵֻԼˣʱٲ˷ӥңҴ˶ͶʱˣҲǺܿģ 

³ɫѾˡ 

Ҽˣ̾˿˵ĵǲǣȴݲġʮΪѣһľѣҲԣֻʵݲҲ˾ҿ³ЦҪǿϴӦĻҵǿ԰£ǸģҲ԰ȥ 

³ɣЩˡ 

˰죬ЦƾʲôĻ 

ЦŲŶûйϵպĿžͻ֣ᷢԲˡ 

³ɰ첻 

ļأ»ɵĻ֣Ź˶ãܳΪԭ 

-- 
컹һ£ɣдõģûϣû취ᷢ 

98 Ρ 

Ҽǹ³Щҩڻ¾ĲΪˡˣݳȣ򶨵⣬ǲ׶ҡΪˣڣֹֻԼΪˡ 

ı³ٻҪҰȫͻúÿܡ 

Ҽؾߣ뿪ʱ̣ƶ񻯡 

ҼʱѾ˯ˣĺỺѾûʲôˣҲûѣҿϵ˿ڰúúõģûѪ͸аģҲȥǰĲ¾һ죬ҵľôһɣҲЩˣߣͷ˯һ˯ú㡭 

ϣǴûĴ㣬ҵ屻ΧţֻܱðããһƬӰ֣ѾˣеţæվңԶԶģֻһڽңĪĪĪĪһʶңֿʼˡ 

ҲˣֻǴӦţڡ 

Ǹһ㣬СͶû°ɡС˼ңģҡ 

̾˿ǡáڡҲܺò˼ˡ 

С˼ĪĪǶΣңûʲô취԰ǡ 

ҿЦŸյֽǮ 

С˼ͳĬˡҼΪǵĶԻˣǣһС˼ֿʼ˵ˣĪĪڹҡҲǬ㻻ȥôС˼̾һҲ롭ǣѾʹǬˡ 

ˡ 

С˼̾Ҳ֪ΪʲôҴӻ𣬾ҪȥǣһֱûгɹҲ֪ΪʲôǣĪĪԲҡѾ뻻ȥˡǣһǵǡܵġ¡ 

ЦˣʼʱҲ뻻ȥġǣڡҲǺȥˡΪһҶΪҪأ 

С˼ЦˣǾ˾ôС˵ˡĪĪҪúô 

Щɻ󣬡С˼ΡΪʲôǿ˵ôõĻ 

С˼£ԥţСһ𡭡 

ûһ𰡡 

С˼ԥһ£ǡҲСҲǬ 

̾˿ҲûʱǬأ 

С˼żôˣʲô£Ƕôˣ 

ҿЦû¶ġҲõģܻа취ģ 

һʣС˼ϴΣ˵裬ô£ 

С˼Ц汾˼Ǿһˣ㻹ǲǵã赱ʱԼҹѣģҲ̫ǼĻڻǵǸʱǵľһƬޱߵִ꣬ȴֻм죬ҺСͣ꣬ΪһˡǡС˼ЦĪĪҸշһʱŵòᡭҵһҲһǣû뵽ȴǵңֻһֻۣԼ˵ҽа˼ͶԱ˵ĶӣҿʼʱҲͷԣǣȣӦǵĸˡҪССҲݽѵˣ 

Ҿþ£ҲǴԽģҲûʲôףֻǣСʱ軭ǷҲ˳͸¶Щǣ̫СˣԲû˵ɡ 

ĵģˣ뵽ҾЩţԽԽţҸոһʼĴããͱԽԽˣѹ͵ 

ߣѾˣ˿ºͿң͵Ц𣬡ôˣô 

ҵͷʼ˿ϰŵĲ˿ڱеĸֹۣҿĵЦҰѴӳ³ǶҩþƵãСĵķ˿ϣٴ°ϣĴᡭ 

ôãҲʮָˣԼҪ 

ҼæյǰæЦңôôˣʲôô 

ҺǺЦûʲô£ֻ˸ΰˡ 

˵ְlڻ 

ҷֻرסҲûʲôֻǣпܣСûԶأ 

⿴ң̲סӳȥһܣҰɣ 

ͲˣҲңḧҵҪСİ 


99 ĸӡ 

ҪһѱҪôҪҵ㣡ǣҵϣû㡭еģһеģÿ˶㣡 

һԱ˼³ɹȻթԴǣأʲôݣ侲˼ϸֳܰţڵһ 

ҽ˽ס֣ܻа취ġ 

ԴԽΣյ£˵һӦյˡǣͬһΣȴһҲţǰδеĿ϶ǲ£ΣңǵһΡ 

һӱúܰ˯ǰӵģҼǵڷӥʱһֻ˯Сʱյⱼæڣĵ˯Щ⣬İ˿԰ȵ˯ԼߣʵǼ¡ 

Ҳһ˰ְָϸָھȣʮֺÿҼ˫Ŷ̽ģټ˳ҵģ̲ס˼¡ָʹ΢΢Ťһ£Ҽ桭ʱѾˡ 

ĪĪʲô⿴ңûг֡ 

ҺǺЦûʲôû˿ֺܺÿ 

ҡͷ£ָ̧һְֻۣˡΪмΣʧȥأ 

ףһϵô 

ͷǶ̽Ǹ졯֣｣ڰģҪڽڣͲףңҪ⶯Ǿ͸ˡ 

̾˿ô࣬ǿɡҵĻû˵ͣסˣΪҿ˲˵ĶǶͷϸϸң˶ʩ˶һ޷ſڽ࣬Ŀɿڴ۾ģȫ£ҲҲڶֻôɫˣһӾнţݣǣС͵ĸӣ 

ȷС͵ĸӣΪмңеĲҵķȴͷ 

ȥ׽ȴһˣЦǰİ׽סˡ 

ҧððûԡְӹ﷭ңҵϸϸСܣȡֻֽмС֣ƽԺԮ 

һȸԾû£̫ˣ 

пʱӦǾˣҼæɿ֣θ׷ɳװ죬һֱģʱʱڳ³ǰ磬Ҳûкÿ³ɰѵѵȥѵһ 

ҲǸһҲֻڿҵ񣬶޲ҪңǣҲ£µ޶ԣŭ죬ҪģһҪû֮ǰεȶҵʱ䣬Ҳˡ 

ߵǰ˳ȥҹԹԲ죬ҲҵǱ 

ĵ־ܴҲǹģ׽סҵֱϡұϵĶУηҲᷴô 

ЦˤڵأҸԼĺ£ֱصĵǽϣֶԳ³˵ʲôԶԶİɳȥ 

ҲˣЦҵ£㣬ûҶһĽ㵱˵Ļô 

ķƽˣҵָ˼ۻİϷ㵱Ҳ֪뿴ȶٹԻôˣ 

³ԾȴԵʮʮĲںʲôϷˣٹ죬ҾҪˣѵ㲻֪ôҵӣǣ˿·ô 

ĵ˼˶Σ㲻Ҫңиõİ취촽񶾵ЦҲϲǰǿ 

ҿ۾һƬѪ죬£ó 

ҲҲڵȣڵҵı밧󡭡ڵҵǱ 

ǣңȴЦˣƲסĹЦģ˭˵û㣿ҵˡ㣬̫ң֤Ҳصһɫƺڴڣµı裬ڼҵ⵽Ϊʲô 

һֱЦһֱЦЦþķˣЦʲô 

ЦͣƿԼֿʼҵԭ˵һ㲻ɫһ˿վǰЦеĿʵңҲôҪġ 
[caihua/qiu] 


100 ص 

СʱҧһֻŭɫԱǿ׳࣬ҧȻʮֵʹǣҪΪʲôֵֵáǴξʮֲֵãֻΪûҵİΪһֻҧ̫ûˡԣʱֱ̫ίˣҾһֱĿޣһֱĿޡһֱ޵ֻ鷳ת߿Ϊֹ 

ǣڣȴֻЦĵЦͻȻ˱ҪʵֵĿ꣬ôʵҧҲǿ̵ģοһҧ 

ԣҾһֱЦĵЦ 

еŵˣЩɵĿңŭġ㡭 

ҿʼɢҵͷָָŷңĵЦѲɣֻ˵˵ģѲɣ㱻ŵˣ 

ĺ޺޿ңڵӣеģҲҪ㣬ȴһ벻ô˾ɷļ 

ҾЦұӵģǿ̸̸ܱһٰҳȥ³ɣҾʲô㡭 

ĺ޺޵ģ㲻ǰĿҪô 

ҺǺЦĸˣƭ³ɵģΪҾͻȴҲ벻һ뷨ԼӵģҿʼһĿЦýɹƻ󣬡ܰңҾͲˡ㲻ϲңһͰɱҵĺܣһᷴˣΪʲô 

Ķң͵İƿǽϣˣţȴҵĴֱĿҧΣҲԹң㹴ҵģ 

ĬĬܣЦݲ䣬ҵ֣ôȻļ磬§סĲȻ˼ء 

Ĺ˵أûУҵ֬۲ľȵʱ䶼ûС 

ҰִӷóɫСʳָϣЦժָ´ãͷٿģҿʼȵڣҪô죬źá 

ϴ˼룬ϷңʲôҲûС 

ҵϣ۵úܣˣŷԼ˿̲ŴƣæվæĴ· 

ô죬Ҫô죿˻ܾҵĶңֱסѨҲʹСȻƽǣȴ֪Ķ³ɻڵžĴҹȥңղֵôá 

ҵͷϿʼð亹ˣһһɣڵ֮ҪȰѾĲغã 

ԶɽΧĲݡϸ룬ȲɣþȫžɽߣãԶԶĿˣְѸղŵ϶ʱµĺۼ 

ˣŶ˶¿Щ֣˵»Աϡ٣ǣʱֵֻǳݵϣҲӦóֻߵģסʱûмôݲݡ 

ܲôˣȥҪתߡ 

˼ԶԶһתͷؾܣһֱܵɽǰӣշãͼǲûпңƺ˵ʲôǰ߹ҲҶǷҵȶ׵ʱˣЩᣬΪ˻һȵѹһ¼ɽͻʯͷĻˡҺ;ͬʱȥУˤڵءƨھĵֱϣֻһ죬ҿЦҵ£ұ޴⣬Ҫ㡭ĵֱƺˡ 

ѾˣĴģԻʯŻǰһصһ׶֪ͨδǰԶлѣæ߹ȥȼǰ˼벻ףۻ˺˾ĵ·εİסס죬صȥ 

ǰûжԶͿһֲ·ڣᣬǰߣֹԶһƶ·ߣǲ·Щˣƺ»̳ĵ£˵ص£һԹ 

һͷһ£߹ĵطѾˡҶڵϣ˸ǺţȥҪСˡһֱǰߣҲת䣬˲֪ãһ֧ߵ˾ͷڰߵþˣѾģԶû̽ҿ·ľͷԼһͻʯͷȥûôŤһŤͷʯӦϸûٵһŰѻѲڵϣСǽȥҸ̽ͷȥͿһ˫Ĵۣһһֱȥ 

ֻͷϣһСĵʵ͡ô 

۾ҵͷغϣһô 


101 꾫 

̫ԾˣֽŲãȥҴȥͿȵҵĳԾ٣ô 

´ֻһݣŴգܿյģֻһŴһЩˣѾˣȴûб 

ϸɫЩ԰ףЩ⣬һлãûʲôˡ 

Ŀң͡ŶǣǸҸý㰲˼ôܹ§סҵһˣú£Ǹ׽ƽүҪ¡ؿˣҪүҪңǣת߿ˡֻһ棬ҲûҺܵģүǲǳˡ 

̾һүܺãûʲôˡѽ˵Ҽ 

ڳģ˰ÿԵģѰϸ¡ 

ͷ԰οţˣûˣҲҵôָŷװӣһֱϺúóԷô 

Ŵۣͷңһֱǽү׸ÿһΡģֻҪһһ죬ͻᱻáвүǣǣҲүΪ˾ңԼԸ¡ԡԡңҲ˸Щ 

ȣһƴƨϣˣ 

ں˼ЩʲôүΪ㣬һУôŬΪܻǵҪǣ˥ҪѰ·ǽүΪһУɾȫ֮ˡ 

㶵ĿңĴ۵ɵĴģү 

̾ϢˣѾȥˡҲûɱ֣Ӧû̫⡭ 

ĺˣôᡭôᡭ 

ҼЩģȥٴΰѱڻͷûµģҲԹ࣬ǶġףһһֱʣǾв࣬ǳ³أɾʹѧˣҪǳ³ɵĻôӦЮƾġǣҪǾвĻô³ɾһ֪ǵˣҲ֪͵ϮҲзݣһΪйͣڵɾȫᱻǣƳ³ɡ 

׽ˣʲôӣ 

룬ͽүͣҪһЩǶǸЩ񡭡 

ҾϲĪǸģǸͷô 

иͷôҲֻ֪׽ҵǸġ 

ҺȻ⣬ҿЦ벻ࣿɲ԰£ 

¸ҵĵ㣺ãģҪʲôҾʲô 

ſϣķԸţɻţ̫ףǵͷ 

ŴµضҶأʯ壬ҲصȥˣиȤ£Ҫ 

Ϊ˷ֹһ˳ԭ·ؾûѣҩǺãղŵķϣ˾ţ֮ŰϵղŵĵطվļϣҰѶڵϣϸţţò˶ã³ɾͻһţֻΪ˿̣Ҫһĵˣͬʱʧˡ 

ĵĵţڰĵطʱûа취ȷ㣬֪˶ã۵һ죬ƺˡ 

ѽ 

㣿ǾĴġһɭɭ𣬡˵ĵĶȥˡ 

ñȻۡһ£Ϳ޿ˡ˵˵ҪɱңүһǺǸ꾫һˡ 

ҰЦ³ɣӣεˣ 

ĸ꾫³ɵЩʧˡ 

ءţ⼸ܴסǸ꾫Ǹ꾫˵סԣүҪסˡԹˣүٲˡ 

ȥȥڲڣ³ŽŵĽС 

ӦˡҪȥ 

ʱһŵϣȥɣ 

ҵһӿϲãã࣬㣬һ᲻ף˷һԭ򣬴˿̣Ҫȥ̫ˡ 

³ƺͬˣš 

ͼžˣһŻŵˡϣҲˡ 


102 ͺá 

ҵͷѾһ࣬³ɵĽкɱ桰ȥ׷ȫ׷ҪˣҪʬң 

һűصˤˡŲԶȥеֶ뿪ˡ 

ٵһĽң˼˼Ƕˡ 

´򿪻أٴȥȵ˵棬ٿȻѾߵһʣˣҽ˱æѾҲϵ³³֪ͨͨңĻˣǣûйϵˣһʱᣬһٻ 

ҺͱѾϵİٽ˽Ϊ˳ٳ˿šһֱѾˣһʮʹǻԲѣɼ֬۵ĻҪµĶ࡭ 

Һͱææµģʱֻ÷ţ֨һ죬ˡ 

ŵûɢٿվŵģȴ࣡ 

һȥһѰֹϷš 

Ҳʮɻ󣬡㡭ô 

ӣĻлл㣬Ķû¶ɣ 

ྪȿңңǺȥġǣҵʱѾǶˡĶҲ֪ 

û뵽¡ԾСǡأҸղŴʱءֻһô͡ô᲻ء 

ֵָ㣬ô쵽ģôߵĹ򣬾Ҳᱻ׽ǡǡ˼飡 

û˼ӦţȴǻҲŵġô˵Ķȥأӣ³Ҳ֪ĶȻôôʲôٽأϲܶв˶ǣôӦû°ɡ 

Ҷ񣬰࣬˿̣ûпңڿ 

ԴڣһֱվţĿǣ࿴Ҳ̲סˣȥڻһֱôûʲôࣿĴô 

ίҡͷȴƿˣү㣬ΪʲôҪءǰ˼ĵˡ˼жģҧ촽ͷ֪Ҫƽ¡ǣԼˣҲΪ¡ 

ּֿ࣬գҲûа취ңҲûʹɱ֮֡㲻ҪҡҲġ 

̾˿ֻ֪Ҳߣѹǣ㶼룬˼ûʹ 

ͿңĪĪ£ǶԲ𡭡 

ҡͷЦˣұҲûй㣬ҪڱϣñӳסָŵϵľģһҵҩһʱѲҪô죿 

߹̽̽Ϣͷ޵ҩǣֵָٷסļѨ 

ŷģҲˣҲͲô˸ˣ֣֪̾ҪӳأҲϲǶˡ 

ǺЦղҺͳ³һʱ˵ЩĪĪ̵İɣ𱦶˵ʲôֻС֮󣬾Ķˣ󣬡㵽˵˵ĪǾ⼸գһֱڳô 

ҡͷǵġûСûС 

ҲЦû±۸Щҽ̵ģôô˵ 

ˣҸղźͳ³ʱġңѾ⾺ôܿôˣжɵأ 

Цһ֪֮ˡ 

಻ңʵĿ򱦶ңٿֻ࣬Цĵĺҧҧ䡭 

ԾС߶ʱķ˰죬ʲôҲûҵ 

ĬˣҼ»Ҳʮˡ֪⴦ⰵصأ޼ŵ괴ʱѾµġ³֪֪Ҳδ֪ 

޼ţһָŵµľĵҲ֪뵽ʱ뵽˾壬۾֪֪Ǿ嶼һ֪ģ˵޼ųģ 

ҿģٿ࣬һ֮ûģǣڲͬһ£֪䡭Ǿã岻ô׵ľ 

Ҫھĵʳ䡭 

¶֪᲻ҵ⡭[caihua/qiu] 


103 ƹ 

Һһ£һʱҲ벻ȽϺãȻУҲøáҪһ÷ſĿڣ˵һˣǾʮΣˡ֮һϡٵƧ֮ءѾҵһͿĳȥ⣬ֵȥƧ֮أ 

ҵͷЩʹˡ 

ü° 

Ҳûǣ³³ɣ֪ôҲһڵҵģٴα׽סǣһ취ҲûˡŶ÷ˣƭ̫ˡټң˵䣡ٱҲþˣҸһʵҲûС 

̾Ϣ治ȫҲһȥáҪôء 

ֻ࣬һ¡֪ûѨǵ֮˲ܴ˵ֻС˵ġ 

аһЦ֪һַӣȵѨЧö࣡ 

Щ⣬ЦǻʲôأֻҪܴУͿ 

ҽбһ²裬ͷھͷϣ΢΢˶תԵģãȻĹˣ廷͵һţʹѡ 

ǰЦţһֱءǳ,д 

ġۡһѪʹһߣıǻһѪ 

óķˡ 

û뵽һת۾ͶĶ֣ǣҲû 

ŷ֣Ŷô޴Ĳ졭ҲᷢݣҲԹޣұô񶾵ӣ˵ŶôаĻǣҺǻǲͬġû취Ա֮Ч˺˺˵壬ҵ˺ľ񡭡Һǰ˺޲ðƤǣһĸһѼ⵶ҵӵһߣֺֻݺݳܵ衭 

һſѾʹŤˣұͷȥ㣬ʱҶû취ٶ֣һֱ̫ϰ߶֣߳ڵľģľѩҹ˹ 

ǣ뵽뵽ҲΪʹֽŤͷŤˣЩ£ǰЩ£ԺҲǣΪǸˡҪʲôҶ޷ˡ粻ϣôΪҲҪ߸硭 

нӹƽǰĶסĵļ򣬡˵ɡҲ㡭ǣҲ֪ˣΪĿǻ᲻ֶεġ 

ĵ΢þʱϵɱҡҲûãԶҲҲġ 

ҳһҲ˵岢ûô 

΢΢ҡͷҾģΡˣô̡ңʲôֶ㾡ʹɡ 

ЦðҾһƬһƬ⣬ʲôʱ˵ˣͶ˵һ 

Ĳмߣһʲô˵ΪԭֻǡһмСΪ 

ҾŽ֣Ķҧأȥ 

ֻһҵĽ;סˡҷſ֣мĿ൭Цɡ£ø˳Щ 

һߣþļϵ 

ҵĽʵѹɫҰ׵ĶҵĻһᣬĿ˼㡭ɲԣҪү 

ҲЩ̲סˣˮ̾ϢĽүΪءԣж຦£ָ 

࣡˵ˡҳֹ࣬Ầ¡Ҳᣬǣû˵ǰҧ촽üͷӲҲʲôû˵ 

վ࣬ҪܾˣֻΪǰɡΣյĺܣҺܵ 

ʵȻηô֣»Ӧû׽סˡԣӦúܰȫ㣬Ͳõˡ 

ҡͷˡ֪ģ 

൭ЦӦû󰭵ģ 

ĴʱһЦû󰭣ѾġѨ˵ûд󰭣 

Ҳ⣬æѶƵĿ࡭ 

ҿһſһӱòҰס 

Ҽˣһץסĵ죬˵˵Ѩʲô 

૵ǡѨ 

104 ġ 

Ѩҡͷţ˵úõģոպʱǻһģûô˵ʲôѨˣЦҲΪҶֻŻǲģ 

￴ңҡôùԵǡд̳³ʱѾѨΪ˲ʱһ˷ִ磬ġֻǡһ죡岻һ˵ô໰ҵĿǣҪ˵ͲܰҳЦøסڿ˵šǣһתͶͶͱΪģӦҪɱⷴСˣΪ˲ҡ벻ͨΪʲôҪΪĻС 

Ǿĵڶ˵ĻˣھĿУһֱһұûж룬һֱΪ˵ǣڿ˵ģĿǾ塭 

ֻûңпʵǲǾΪңòǲһֱɱңΪ뾺Լ 

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ҵģһ 

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͵ĻͷȥһĿģ˵Ҫ˵ˣǱ࡭رģѡӣȻһйѺ˵ıô׼ң˵˵ 

ҽе塭ڡѾתˡ 

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׾ĵĻ˵˭ˡҪߵĳ嶯û׼Цӭûа취ӾĵĻûκ˵Ļ 

ڵڵ˸ľ׮޷жҡҡ㲻Ҫ˵ 

ĿЦң˵˵׿˵ô˵˰㰮úܣ׾Ϳɱᣬ㻹˵ֻҪΪɱô 

һŵò֪ҪôźãһʱͲ壬ֻһҡͷǵġңֻҪѡ 

ǰվҵĶ棬ģ̾һĪĪҾԶԶĸˡ 

ΣĶԾˣ 

ְҰƮɢͷԺ󣬡ԣ˵ĻҶˡҼ¶ԣҲûмڳ֡Ĺߵǰƽûƭ㣡ھĵĴʱԻȡһССƿҪɱҡҵȷỹ֣ңѵݵϡССƿкɫķĩˮ㻬ھĵ˿ϡ 

ĵͫ˲һ㡭ĺĶ 

պСƿӣƽˡڣ˵˵Ķ 

ĵɤѾɳˣҡѨ㣬ô 

ƵЦЦһأǣȴԣ²ѡ㵽²¿Ϊʲô 

˶һˣϢ 

ͷһ֣ǣñҲᡣҾңȣԼѨ 

ĵ۶Ѫģ˾ˮ̳һ㣬Ͳ£ȥٲһ 

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Ҳվסһ˹ȥı૲ܳԣûˡ㲻ˡ̫ˡ 

ĵѾһֵɫĿ˸ãǳȵĻϨˣңƺһ̾Ϣʥصġ 

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ġͨˤʻβ 

105 ʧá 

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ٴȲͷҡңûʲô࡭ұһᡭ 

ȡɿһʾǣѾžĵУŪˡ 

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ҵ֣ߵĽǰƤ˿ʱҵ壡ʱ󣬻ҲôⶾҲû취ˣڣվˣϵİĿѨָŵͨصڣʼɣ 

ľȻǰͷȥҵ֣ͱ 

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һ㶣ͷңһӣҵ˼ˣ΢΢ϵǸȻһЦءһЩ¡ 

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ڰУ֪˶ãĴתҹգҲ֪򡭡 

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͵ЦҵѪͨˣȻͿԴˣιصסң 

ಽţѪͨôôңҡôġ 

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գǣȻܶݵķҵѨҲֻ𵽶ۻЧߴѨȻû˵ǣһǵĵϢܾΪΡ 

ǰľģñӲ̲ĺһ 

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ĵͷǰҵʱ޿̲˹ץһʱˣһްͿһƽ㵹˵˵ôᵢ顭 

ҵͷǡﲻأһֱô㡭 

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ȻʧЦôֶµģǿӡ 

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̾˿ϢҪѪҺԼٶУеĸӽֹ뿴ҵɫʲôӣɫһֻ»̲סޱӡ 

Ҳѧ̾˿ʱҿ룬Ҳһްɡ 

ͷԣʱժûˣ粻ϲǵһժȥɣ 

ѾߵˣȻûˣҾ˾壬̧ͷžҺʵʥػûôжԶ 

Ĳңͷǰߣת䣬ǰһԲεڣ¿ס֨һ죬һƿ 

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106 ּ塭 

ҿһǰ棬һƽʯڣƣǼڵµģѲɣʥҲǽڵô 

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ĵĥɼǰ棬ҷļϣԹԵĲ졭 

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ұڻžĵʣ 

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ұڳȥ塭塭ҪҪ 

һâҵͷϿҲţֻǰ塭ȻΪҵһҼ˶ڵľǱһƬĽڣһʯΣٴμ˾壬棬һƺסѨ˳˹ȥҡĽ֡ 

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ǴžҲ˽籵ɫһӱòҰףѾû˵磬һ˽ĻҰɫڵߵʱ䲢̣ĶѾʮΣˡ 

ǰʹ˵ǻ䣬ˣѾˡҵĽҩ 

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̧ͷƺлҪ˵ 

Ц壬ȥȡȰǫɣǻбҪֶҩ裬̫ԶʱĻͰҩ԰ɡңĪĪ£Ƕлˡ 

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ҡͷǣһΡҲȥˣȥˣֻ׸һΣߣͻΣաôΣգԣһΣһ㣬һֱȵ㣡 

ûһҵĴһǣģͷ紵ˮ棬İɡһܿͻ 

ҵͷ֣˵䣬ͷҺͱ˹ 

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籵ͷǰְһѣ̾˿ÿѽһλˡǡ񡭡 

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һЦĶȥˣ˶ţֻǰˣ˱Ҫֻǲ˱һУڶΪ»áЩǱűɵıʵٻǣҲûˡ 

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籿ңʵҲûҵ˵ġ»Ļڴ󲿷ֶɢĴԷ£ǿɱͺڵϢģԣϢԴҪҾ˵ȫ£˴к»ڡ 

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籵ɫ֪ʲôʱѾʮֺͻˣңЦǲŲмҽأа취굽ǮģǾҪȥûصȰǫˡ 

һֱͲǸȰǫǸʲôѵú֪æ̣յǰϸϸ˵¶Ҫ˵ԶˣҪ˵»ᣬҪȴ޼˵𡭡ȣ޼ŵĳĿĲΪʲôССɣҽģ޼ŵĳ֧֡ȡΪıΪԼбڻΪ˹ʿүĴĴ˵Ȱ˵ͳʿı¸ףɣΪ˷ڣʴҪÿǩֻѺװɲᣬȰǫˡǣҪıϲ֪¶ȴү֪ˡͬڻӣԼҲı֮ģԣ˽²ãͻǰϯ֮ɱүǿȡȰǫ飬޼ţԼĺ»ᡭбǶǣз磬ͬڣĲҵˣд˲ɣǾҪȥ߹һȥꡭʱԣԣһֱȰǫΪҪЭƣֻгһܹƷҡ 

ҳԾôܵ飬ô֪ģ 

籿ңĿ⣬塭ǣȴ㡭簮ҲͰˣƫƫȴˡ 

ΪֻŪ˰ˡ 

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סˣ»ᡭ 

ߴЦǳ³СڲٿأвȰǫϵĸ̣ɹ˽ˡ 

ҵͷԭΪҵȰǫ飬ԲŲϲݲжġҪȰǫ飬ֻΪ˻ЩˡôһҲͨ˳ˡ 

 

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ҳ嵽ڣۻ˷ 

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һжȥˡ 

ͻ˳Уʤ̫Ҳ˴ֲ 

ҺǺǵֻɵЦ 

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Ǹ࿪ˣҵ»ĵģҪԶЧҺ»᲻ģ»Ṳġ 

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ҡͷôܲأһҪصġ 

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һӻָžġ 

˵ῴؾһӣô˵ҲֵܣûңƱػһǣ˾ģ٣иٲˡΪȥ书 

˿̵ľɫһЩ㯣ûһ˿ʹ࡭һֱ벻ͨҵĪޣΪСʱƺûʲô⡭Ҳ˵ĹҺ޶дʣҲңֻΪҡҲǰžġ˭֪أ벻ͨҲˣֻǵĺҰˡ 

塪ӭŷţһᰮġ 

ɬһЦ˭ԤϡҲʱҲϰ㡭 

סѹôһһİ㣬ֻġ񣬾˼ 

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С˼ĹѾˣ֪ʲôʱд 

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